Availability and distribution of environmental education field trip programs for adolescent students in the U.S.: a national study of spatial accessibility

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dc.contributor.authorHemby, Tyler L.en
dc.contributor.authorPowell, Robert B.en
dc.contributor.authorStern, Marc J.en
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-13T13:57:57Zen
dc.date.available2025-02-13T13:57:57Zen
dc.date.issued2023-07-24en
dc.description.abstractWhat is the availability and distribution of single-day environmental education field trip programs for adolescent students across the U.S.? We assessed the spatial accessibility to EE field trip programs for U.S. schools that serve grades 5-8 (ages 10-14) by (1) compiling a comprehensive national database of 2,930 EE providers that offer field trip programs, (2) identifying 89, 311 middle schools’ locations, student populations, and relevant demographic information, and (3) calculating drive times between schools and EE provider locations using a high-performance computing cluster. We then used the integrated Floating Catchment Area method to calculate each school’s relative spatial access to EE field trip providers. Results suggest that spatial access was highly spatially clustered, particularly around several geographic regions (coastal California metropolitan areas, the southern Rockies, northern Kentucky, North Carolina, the western shore of Lake Michigan, and the high-density, contiguous metropolitan areas of the Northeast). Spatial access was also strongly related to partisan lean and urbanity, with more rural, White, and Republican-leaning areas generally having significantly less spatial access to EE field trips.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extentPages 214-234en
dc.format.extent21 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2023.2237706en
dc.identifier.eissn1469-5871en
dc.identifier.issn1350-4622en
dc.identifier.issue2en
dc.identifier.orcidStern, Marc [0000-0002-0294-8941]en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124574en
dc.identifier.volume30en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherRoutledgeen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectSpatial Accessibilityen
dc.subjectconstraintsen
dc.subjectEnvironmental educationen
dc.subjectbarriers to participationen
dc.titleAvailability and distribution of environmental education field trip programs for adolescent students in the U.S.: a national study of spatial accessibilityen
dc.title.serialEnvironmental Education Researchen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Techen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Natural Resources & Environmenten
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Natural Resources & Environment/Forest Resources and Environmental Conservationen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Natural Resources & Environment/CNRE T&R Facultyen

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