Nitrogen Utilization and Performance in Ruminants Fed Oscillating Dietary Protein Levels

Simpson, Sarah Jordan

Nitrogen Utilization and Performance in Ruminants Fed Oscillating Dietary Protein Levels

dc.contributor.author	Simpson, Sarah Jordan	en
dc.contributor.committeechair	Fontenot, Joseph P.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Wahlberg, Mark L.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Polan, Carl E.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Eversole, Dan E.	en
dc.contributor.department	Animal and Poultry Sciences	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-14T20:42:54Z	en
dc.date.adate	2000-08-30	en
dc.date.available	2014-03-14T20:42:54Z	en
dc.date.issued	2000-08-02	en
dc.date.rdate	2001-08-30	en
dc.date.sdate	2000-08-07	en
dc.description.abstract	Nitrogen excreted by ruminants may negatively impact the environment, and N not retained is not utilized for growth and production. Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of 48 h oscillation of two levels of low ruminally degradable dietary CP on N metabolism in lambs and performance of steers. In Exp. 1, a metabolism trial was conducted with 28 lambs (31 kg), allotted to four different diets: 8% CP, 10% CP, 12% CP, and 8% and 12% CP diets oscillated every 48 h. After adaptation, transition, and preliminary periods, feces and urine were collected for 10 d. Ruminal fluid and blood samples were taken at the end of collection and again 2 d later. In Exp. 2, 24 crossbred steers (228 kg) were allotted to four diets: 1) 7.5% CP, 2) 9% CP, 3) 10.5% CP, and 4) 7.5% and 10.5% CP diets oscillated every 48 h. Feed intake was measured during the 112 d study, and ADG and gain to feed ratio were calculated. Cattle were weighed every 14 d and blood samples were taken every 28 d. In Exp. 1, N retention was lowest (P < 0.05) for the lambs fed the 8% CP diet, with no differences among lambs fed the other diets. Differences in urinary N excretion accounted for most of the differences in total N excretion. Ruminal NH3-N and BUN levels were greater in animals fed higher amounts of CP. Ruminal pH and VFA concentrations were not affected by diet. In Exp. 2, feed intake did not differ among steers fed different diets. Average daily gain was lowest for cattle fed the 7.5% CP diet. No significant difference was evident for ADG between steers fed the 7.5/10.5% CP oscillating diet and those fed the 9% or the 10.5% CP diet. Gain to feed ratio was lower (P < 0.05) for steers fed the 7.5% CP diet compared to steers fed all other diets. Blood urea N level was higher for cattle fed the 10.5% CP diet than those fed the two lower CP levels, and differences were usually significant (P < 0.05). No consistent significant difference in BUN levels existed between steers fed the 7.5/10.5% CP oscillating diet and those fed the 9% and 10.5% CP diets continuously. Oscillating two levels of low ruminally degradable dietary CP every 48 h had no significant effect on N retention in lambs nor on the performance of steers compared to animals fed the same level of CP daily in these experiments.	en
dc.description.degree	Master of Science	en
dc.identifier.other	etd-08072000-15170023	en
dc.identifier.sourceurl	http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08072000-15170023/	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34393	en
dc.publisher	Virginia Tech	en
dc.relation.haspart	Lit_Cited.PDF	en
dc.relation.haspart	Sarah_ETD.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	Abstract.PDF	en
dc.rights	In Copyright	en
dc.rights.uri	http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/	en
dc.subject	environment	en
dc.subject	protein	en
dc.subject	ruminants	en
dc.subject	daily gain	en
dc.subject	nitrogen retention	en
dc.title	Nitrogen Utilization and Performance in Ruminants Fed Oscillating Dietary Protein Levels	en
dc.type	Thesis	en
thesis.degree.discipline	Animal and Poultry Sciences	en
thesis.degree.grantor	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	en
thesis.degree.level	masters	en
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science	en