Influence of temperature, soil moisture, and planting depth on germination and emergence of 'Packman' broccoli

Broccoli growers in Southside Virginia have had difficulty with stand establishment. This research was undertaken to identify potential causes of poor stand establishment. Temperature and soil moisture conditions in Southside Virginia during July and August are often less than favorable for seedling growth. Experiments were designed to test the temperature and moisture stress limits for germination and emergence of 'Packman' broccoli, under the controlled conditions of growth chambers.