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Trade Barriers or Trade Catalysts? The Effects of Phytosanitary Measures on U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Imports

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dc.contributor.authorKarov, Vukoen
dc.contributor.committeecochairPeterson, Everett B.en
dc.contributor.committeecochairGrant, Jason H.en
dc.contributor.committeememberMills, Bradford F.en
dc.contributor.committeememberAlwang, Jeffrey R.en
dc.contributor.departmentAgricultural and Applied Economicsen
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-04T19:50:24Zen
dc.date.adate2010-01-06en
dc.date.available2017-04-04T19:50:24Zen
dc.date.issued2009-12-08en
dc.date.rdate2016-10-03en
dc.date.sdate2009-12-22en
dc.description.abstractU.S. imports of fresh fruits and vegetables have increased sharply since the late 1980's. With increased imports come increased concerns that pests and diseases may infest shipments of fresh agricultural products. To address this concern, USDA's APHIS implements phytosanitary measures that mitigate pest and disease risks. These regulations vary from documentation requirements, inspection, or requiring that shipments receive a phytosanitary treatment. A growing body of literature attempts to assess the generic trade flow effects of SPS measures. Still, little evidence is available to shed light on the nature, size, and scope of SPS standards and their role as "trade barriers" versus "trade catalysts." This thesis fills the void in the literature in two respects. First, a novel database on phytosanitary measures pertaining to U.S. imports of 47 fresh fruit and vegetable products from 95 countries is developed for the period 1996-2007. This disaggregated approach allows for the effects of specific phytosanitary treatments to be identified. Second, following recent literature, the issue of "zeros" is addressed while estimating a gravity model of international trade. The findings suggest that phytosanitary treatments initially inhibit fresh fruit and vegetable imports. However, their trade reducing effects are uneven across product sectors, development status categories and treatment types. Finally, globally large exporters facing a treatment requirement ship more fresh fruits and vegetable relative to small exporters facing the same regulation, suggesting the role of SPS measures as "trade barriers" versus "trade catalysts" depends on the relative size of the exporter in the global market.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.identifier.otheretd-12222009-111752en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12222009-111752/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/76936en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectphytosanitary treatmentsen
dc.subjectgravity modelen
dc.subjectgeographical restrictionsen
dc.subjectnew market accessen
dc.subjectfresh fruits and vegetablesen
dc.titleTrade Barriers or Trade Catalysts? The Effects of Phytosanitary Measures on U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Importsen
dc.typeThesisen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineAgricultural and Applied Economicsen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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