Moringa Extract to Modulate Rumen Fermentation and Lactation Performance of Ewes

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (AEMO) as a natural ruminal modulator to improve the lactation performance of ewes. The AEMO was prepared by chopping <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves and diluting them in distilled water (163.3 g DM/L). Twelve ewes were used in a replicated 3 &times; 3 Latin square, with periods of 14 days (assessments on the last five days of each period). Treatments were as follows: 20 mL of water as Control, 20 mL of AEMO (20-AEMO), and 40 mL of AEMO (40-AEMO). Ewes were milked twice a day (7:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m.). Diet corresponds to grain mix (at 3% of BW) and hay ad libitum. We determined the intake, digestibility, fermentative measurements, metabolic measurements, and milk production and composition. Intake and digestibility were not affected by AEMO. Milk yield and the concentrations of fat, protein, and lactose were numerically lower in ewes supplemented with 20-AEMO. A linear decrease in milk protein yield was observed when the highest extract level (40-AEMO) was used. Ruminal pH did not differ among treatments; however, there was a tendency for reduced acetate and increased propionate concentrations, which corresponded with a non-significant numerical decrease in methane estimates in 40-AEMO group. Blood and urinary parameters were not affected by AEMO supplementation. Inclusion of Moringa extracts as an additive in lactating ewes diet does not affect intake and nutrient digestibility, but tends to affect ruminal fermentation and microbial synthesis, with possible changes in methane emission estimation, and impair milk protein production. Therefore, we recommend studies with different extract concentrations to investigate possible effects on rumen fermentation and the synthesis of milk compounds.