Chlorine Disinfection of Legionella spp., L. pneumophila, and Acanthamoeba under Warm Water Premise Plumbing Conditions

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Rebekah L.en
dc.contributor.authorHarrison, Karaen
dc.contributor.authorProctor, Caitlin R.en
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Amandaen
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Kristaen
dc.contributor.authorPruden, Amyen
dc.contributor.authorEdwards, Marc A.en
dc.contributor.departmentCivil and Environmental Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-28T12:38:59Zen
dc.date.available2020-09-28T12:38:59Zen
dc.date.issued2020-09-22en
dc.date.updated2020-09-25T13:30:27Zen
dc.description.abstractPremise plumbing conditions can contribute to low chlorine or chloramine disinfectant residuals and reactions that encourage opportunistic pathogen growth and create risk of Legionnaires&rsquo; Disease outbreaks. This bench-scale study investigated the growth of <i>Legionella</i> spp. and <i>Acanthamoeba</i> in direct contact with premise plumbing materials&mdash;glass-only control, cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe, magnesium anode rods, iron pipe, iron oxide, pH 10, or a combination of factors. Simulated glass water heaters (SGWHs) were colonized by <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> and exposed to a sequence of 0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L chlorine or chloramine, at two levels of total organic carbon (TOC), over 8 weeks. <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> thrived in the presence of the magnesium anode by itself and or combination with other factors. In most cases, 0.5 mg/L Cl<sub>2</sub> caused a significant rapid reduction of <i>L. pneumophila</i>, <i>Legionella</i> spp., or total bacteria (16S rRNA) gene copy numbers, but at higher TOC (&gt;1.0 mg C/L), a chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/L Cl<sub>2</sub> was not effective. Notably, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> was not significantly reduced by the 0.5 mg/L chlorine dose.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationMartin, R.L.; Harrison, K.; Proctor, C.R.; Martin, A.; Williams, K.; Pruden, A.; Edwards, M.A. Chlorine Disinfection of Legionella spp., L. pneumophila, and Acanthamoeba under Warm Water Premise Plumbing Conditions. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1452.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091452en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/100077en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectopportunistic pathogensen
dc.subjectdrinking wateren
dc.subjectpremise plumbingen
dc.subjectbacteriaen
dc.subjectchlorineen
dc.subjectchloramineen
dc.titleChlorine Disinfection of Legionella spp., L. pneumophila, and Acanthamoeba under Warm Water Premise Plumbing Conditionsen
dc.title.serialMicroorganismsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
microorganisms-08-01452-v2.pdf
Size:
2.28 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Name:
license.txt
Size:
0 B
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download

Collections

Journal Articles, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Destination Area: Global Systems Science (GSS)
Open Access Subvention Fund Articles
Scholarly Works, Civil and Environmental Engineering