Historic Assessment and Analysis of the Mass Production of Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Biological Control Agents for the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, at Virginia Tech

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dc.contributor.authorFoley, Jeremiah R.en
dc.contributor.authorJubb, Carrie S.en
dc.contributor.authorCole, D. Austinen
dc.contributor.authorMausel, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorGalloway, Ashley Lamben
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, Rachelen
dc.contributor.authorSalom, Scott M.en
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.contributor.departmentStatisticsen
dc.coverage.cityBlacksburgen
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.countyMontgomery Countyen
dc.coverage.stateVirginiaen
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-19T13:02:58Zen
dc.date.available2021-05-19T13:02:58Zen
dc.date.issued2021-02-09en
dc.description.abstractLaricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) Fender and Laricobius osakensis (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) Montgomery and Shiyake have been mass produced by Virginia Tech as biological control agents for the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Annand, for the past 15 and 9 yr, respectively. Herein, we describe modifications of our rearing procedures, trends and analyses in the overall production of these agents, and the redistribution of these agents for release to local and federal land managers. Based on these data, we have highlighted three major challenges to the rearing program: 1) high mortality during the subterranean portion of its life cycle (averaging 63% annually) reducing beetle production, 2) asynchrony in estivation emergence relative to the availability of their host HWA minimizing food availability, and 3) unintended field collections of Laricobius spp. larvae on HWA provided to lab-reared larvae complicating rearing procedures. We further highlight corresponding avenues of research aimed at addressing each of these challenges to further improve Laricobius spp. production.en
dc.description.notesWe would like to thank Ryan Mays for his dedication in supplying Laricobius spp. colonies with fresh host material and all the technicians, laboratory assistants, and graduate students who have played a major role in the production of Laricobius spp. agents for field release and experimentation. We would also like to thank Shiyake Shigehiko with the Natural History Museum in Osaka, Japan as our overseas collaborator and all the State and Federal collaborators who have received and released Laricobius agents of the over the past decade and half. We would also like to thank Dr. Albert Mayfield for his review and suggestions prior to submission. This research was supported by the USDA-Forest Service Cooperative agreement 16-CA-1142004-086 and USDA APHIS PPQ grant AP19PPQFO000C566.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUSDA-Forest ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service [16-CA-1142004-086]; USDA APHIS PPQ grant [AP19PPQFO000C566]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieab005en
dc.identifier.eissn1536-2442en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.other12en
dc.identifier.pmid33560362en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/103380en
dc.identifier.volume21en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/en
dc.subjectinsect rearingen
dc.subjectbiological controlen
dc.subjectnatural enemiesen
dc.subjectpredatorsen
dc.titleHistoric Assessment and Analysis of the Mass Production of Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Biological Control Agents for the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, at Virginia Techen
dc.title.serialJournal of Insect Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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