The Analgesic Effects of Epidural Ketamine in Dogs With a Chemically Induced Synovitis: A Comparison Between Pre - or Post - Injury Administration

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dc.contributor.authorHamilton, Stephanie Marieen
dc.contributor.committeechairJohnston, Spencer A.en
dc.contributor.committeememberKlein, Bradley G.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBroadstone, Richard V.en
dc.contributor.departmentVeterinary Medical Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:38:20Zen
dc.date.adate2003-06-20en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:38:20Zen
dc.date.issued2003-05-05en
dc.date.rdate2004-06-20en
dc.date.sdate2003-05-23en
dc.description.abstractThe objective of this study was to determine if administering epidural ketamine before or after the induction of a sodium urate crystal synovitis provides analgesia in dogs. In Part I, sixteen dogs were anesthetized with propofol (4 mg kg-1 intravenously). A sodium urate crystal synovitis was induced in the right stifle and allowed to develop for 12 hours. These dogs were again anesthetized with propofol and an epidural injection at the lumbosacral space of either ketamine (2 mg kg-1) or placebo (saline containing not more than 0.1 mg ml-1 benzethonium chloride) was performed. Analgesia was measured with a force platform and a numerical rating scale (NRS). Assessments were performed before and at 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 24 hours after the induction of synovitis. Vertical ground reaction forces were significantly decreased and numerical rating scale scores of total pain were significantly increased after the induction of synovitis in all dogs (p<0.05). No significant differences in ground reaction forces or total pain scores were measured between the ketamine and the control groups at any assessment period. In Part II, synovitis was induced in the right stifle as described in Part I. Epidural injections at the lumbosacral space followed immediately. Analgesia was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after the epidural injection and the induction of synovitis. Dogs that received ketamine had significantly lower NRS scores two hours after treatment (p < 0.05). NRS scores did not differ between the two treatment groups at any other evaluation. Vertical ground reaction forces did not significantly differ between treatment groups at any assessment period. Results of this study indicate that ketamine, when administered epidurally at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 after the induction of a chemical synovitis, does not provide a significant level of analgesia. However, administration of ketamine immediately before the induction of synovitis resulted in a significantly decreased subjective pain score at two hours, but not at later evaluation periods.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.identifier.otheretd-05232003-124758en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05232003-124758/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/33143en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartSMHthesis.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectepiduralen
dc.subjectanalgesiaen
dc.subjectforce platformen
dc.subjectsynovitisen
dc.subjectketamineen
dc.titleThe Analgesic Effects of Epidural Ketamine in Dogs With a Chemically Induced Synovitis: A Comparison Between Pre - or Post - Injury Administrationen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineVeterinary Medical Sciencesen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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