The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum, and Amblyomma maculatum to Overwinter in the Region

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dc.contributor.authorWhitlow, Amanda Marieen
dc.contributor.authorSchürch, Rogeren
dc.contributor.authorMullins, Donald E.en
dc.contributor.authorEastwood, Gillianen
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.stateVirginiaen
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-11T20:36:14Zen
dc.date.available2021-11-11T20:36:14Zen
dc.date.issued2021-11-06en
dc.date.updated2021-11-11T20:36:12Zen
dc.description.abstractTicks are susceptible to environmental conditions and, to ensure survival during winter conditions, they adopt a wide variety of physiological and behavioral adaptations including utilization of a suitable niche with insulation (e.g., leaf coverage). To investigate the potential overwintering survival of three tick populations emerging within Appalachian Virginia (Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum, and Amblyomma maculatum), both a laboratory experiment assessing super-cooling points and a two-factor (elevation and insulation coverage) field experiment assessing overwintering survivability were conducted across a natural southwestern Virginian winter (2020–2021). Dermacentor variabilis adults were included in this study as an example of a well-established species in this region known to overwinter in these conditions. Our study indicated that A. americanum and H. longicornis wintering tolerance is based on life stage rather than external factors such as insulation (e.g., leaf litter) and elevation. Amblyomma maculatum was more likely to survive without insulation. The ability to withstand the extreme temperatures of new regions is a key factor determining the survivability of novel tick species and is useful in assessing the invasion potential of arthropod vectors.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier1000 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.citationWhitlow, A.M.; Schürch, R.; Mullins, D.; Eastwood, G. The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum, and Amblyomma maculatum to Overwinter in the Region. Insects 2021, 12, 1000.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/insects12111000en
dc.identifier.eissn2075-4450en
dc.identifier.issue11en
dc.identifier.orcidEastwood, Gillian [0000-0002-9683-0353]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/106623en
dc.identifier.volume12en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectTicksen
dc.subjectOverwinteringen
dc.subjectCold toleranceen
dc.subjectAmblyomma americanumen
dc.subjectAmblyomma maculatumen
dc.subjectHaemaphysalis longicornisen
dc.subjectSouthwestern Virginiaen
dc.subjectEnvironmental conditionsen
dc.subjectSupercoolingen
dc.subjectInvasive vectorsen
dc.subject0608 Zoologyen
dc.titleThe Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum, and Amblyomma maculatum to Overwinter in the Regionen
dc.title.serialInsectsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-10-28en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Entomologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen

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