Attention Bias in Middle Childhood: The Impact of Effortful Control and Temperament

Zerrouk, Mohamed

Attention Bias in Middle Childhood: The Impact of Effortful Control and Temperament

dc.contributor.author	Zerrouk, Mohamed	en
dc.contributor.committeechair	Bell, Martha Ann	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Hoffman, Kurt	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Diaz, Anjolii	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Rachel, Diana	en
dc.contributor.department	Psychology	en
dc.date.accessioned	2021-05-26T12:51:19Z	en
dc.date.available	2021-05-26T12:51:19Z	en
dc.date.issued	2021-05	en
dc.description.abstract	Identifying whether a stimulus is threatening or not is critical for staying safe. The faster one can detect a threat, the greater chance there is to avoid any potential danger. Factors contributing to the visual attention of threat are therefore informative. Previous research has examined how aspects of temperament and effortful control interact and affect the attention allocated to threats, especially in clinically anxious populations. However, there is a sparsity of this literature existing for nonclinical populations. My study addressed previous gaps by examining whether negative affect and fear impact an attention bias to threat in children aged 6 through 8 while assessing how attentional control and inhibitory control moderate these relations. A modified visual search task with snakes as the threat was given to the participants after the children’s parents completed questionnaires and the children completed an attentional control task. Results showed that an attentional bias to snakes was seen in the sample. Negative affect as a main effect nor as an interaction effect with attentional control predicted for the attention bias to snakes. Fear predicted for the attention bias to snakes as a main effect. Interestingly, inhibitory control moderated the relation between fear and the attention bias to snakes. Only children with high inhibitory control and high fear predicted for the attention bias to snakes. Findings may indicate children with this temperament are more vulnerable to the onset of anxiety.	en
dc.description.abstractgeneral	Identifying whether a stimulus is threatening or not is critical for staying safe. The faster one can detect a threat, the greater chance there is to avoid any potential danger. Factors contributing to the visual attention of threat are therefore informative. Previous research has examined how aspects of temperament and effortful control interact and affect the attention allocated to threats, especially in clinically anxious populations. However, there is a sparsity of literature existing for nonclinical populations. My study addressed previous gaps by examining whether aspects of temperament, specifically negative affect and fear, impact an attention bias to threat in children aged 6 through 8 while assessing how aspects of effortful control, specifically attentional control and inhibitory control, moderate these relations. A visual search task where participants would select a target among distractors with snakes as the target representing threat was given to the child participants after the children’s parents completed questionnaires and the children completed an I-spy task which measured the children’s attentional control. Results showed that an attentional bias to snakes was seen in the sample. Negative affect did not solely nor when interacted with attentional control predict for the attention bias to snakes. Fear predicted for the attention bias to snakes as a main effect. Interestingly, inhibitory control moderated the relation between fear and the attention bias to snakes, which meant that only children with high inhibitory control and high fear predicted for the attention bias to snakes. Findings may indicate children with this temperament are greater susceptible the development of anxiety.	en
dc.description.degree	M.S.	en
dc.format.medium	ETD	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103514	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.publisher	Virginia Tech	en
dc.rights	In Copyright	en
dc.rights.uri	http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/	en
dc.subject	temperament	en
dc.subject	effortful control	en
dc.subject	attention bias	en
dc.subject	Children	en
dc.title	Attention Bias in Middle Childhood: The Impact of Effortful Control and Temperament	en
dc.type	Thesis	en
thesis.degree.discipline	Developmental Science	en
thesis.degree.grantor	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	en
thesis.degree.level	masters	en
thesis.degree.name	M.S.	en