Open Textbooks

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Open Textbooks are freely available online and licensed for redistribution. Some open textbooks are also licensed for editing and modification. For more information about Virginia Tech Libraries' Open Education Initiative, see our OER Guide or contact Anita Walz.

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Handbook for Evaluating and Selecting Curriculum Materials
Gall, Meredith "Mark" Damien (Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1981)
Handbook for Evaluating and Selecting Curriculum Materials was published in 1981 by Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Rights for this work have been reverted to the author by the original publisher. The author/copyright holder has given permission to the University Libraries at Virginia Tech to make the work freely available online. Additional permissions may be available from the copyright holder. Nothing in this permission impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.
Veterinary Epidemiology: Principles and Methods
Martin, S. Wayne; Meek, Alan H.; Willeberg, Preben (Iowa State University Press, Ames IA, 1987)
Veterinary Epidemiology: Principles and Methods was published in 1987 by Iowa State University Press, Ames IA. Rights for this work have been reverted to the authors by the original publisher. The authors have chosen to license this work with a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license. (See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights. IN ADDITION: the authors allow non-commercial distribution of translated and reformatted versions with attribution and without additional permission. Table of contents
I: Basic principles
1. Epidemiologic concepts
2. Sampling methods
3. Measurement of disease frequency and production II: Studying disease in animal populations
4. Descriptive epidemiology
5. Disease causation
6. Surveys and analytic observational studies
7. Design of field trials
8. Theoretical epidemiology: systems analysis and modeling. III: Animal health economics
9. Animal health economics IV: Applied epidemiology
10. Rationale, strategies, and concepts of animal disease control
11. Monitoring disease and production
12. Field investigations About the book
The purpose of this textbook is to provide an introductory, yet comprehensive, source of information on epidemiology for veterinary students, researchers, and practitioners. There has not been a textbook that presents analytic epidemiology as a science, basic to veterinary medicine's efforts in health management (herd health) as well as in clinical medicine.
Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance
Marchman, James F. III (2004, 2021)

Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance, 3rd edition is a college undergraduate-level introduction to aircraft aerodynamics and performance. This text is designed for a course in Aircraft Performance that is taught before the students have had any course in fluid mechanics, fluid dynamics, or aerodynamics. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these types of courses that is needed for teaching basic subsonic aircraft performance, and it is assumed that the students will learn the full story of aerodynamics in other, later courses. The text assumes that the students will have had a university level Physics sequence in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of statics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and basic conservation laws that are needed to understand the coverage that follows. It is also assumed that students will have completed first year university level calculus sequence plus a course in multi-variable calculus. Separate courses in engineering statics and dynamics are helpful but not necessary. Any student who takes a course using this text after completing courses in aerodynamics or fluid dynamics should find the chapters of this book covering those subjects an interesting review of the material. The 236-page text was created specifically for use by undergraduate students in Aerospace Engineering and was based on Professor Marchman’s many years of experience teaching related subject matter as well as his numerous wind tunnel research projects related to aircraft aerodynamics and his personal experience as the owner and pilot of a general aviation airplane. It has been used at Virginia Tech and other universities. How to adopt or adapt this book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest using this form. Table of contents 1. Introduction to Aerodynamics 2. Propulsion 3. Additional Aerodynamics Tools 4. Performance in Straight and Level Flight 5. Altitude Change: Climb and Glide 6. Range and Endurance 7. Accelerated Performance: Takeoff and Landing 8. Accelerated Performance: Turns 9. The Role of Performance in Aircraft Design: Constraint Analysis - Appendix A: Airfoil Data Editorial note
This is a 2021 nearly verbatim presentation of Dr. Marchman’s 3rd edition (2004) of the text with minor corrections to text and formulas, addition of machine-readable math, alt text, and redrawn figures. It is available in Pressbooks, PDF, and ePub. Available formats
ISBN (PDF): 978-1-949373-63-9
ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-949373-64-6
ISBN (HTML): 978-1-949373-62-2
Link to the HTML (Pressbooks) version
Order a print copy Suggested citation
Marchman, James F. III, (2021). Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance, 3rd ed., Blacksburg, VA: University Libraries at Virginia Tech. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96525, CC BY 4.0 About the author
Dr. James F. Marchman, III is Professor Emeritus of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering and a former Associate Dean of Engineering at Virginia Tech where he taught and conducted research in aerodynamics, aircraft performance, aircraft design and other areas over a 40 year career. His textbook, Aircraft Design Projects For Engineering Students, coauthored by Professor Lloyd R. Jenkinson of Loughborough University in the United Kingdom, [Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003] has been used by students around the world. Accessibility note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML version (Pressbooks) version of this book utilizes header structures, MathML, and includes alternative text which allow for machine-readability. The ePub version of ths book meets WCAG 2.0 Level A. View errata | Report an error
Fundamentals of Business
Skripak, Stephen J. (Virginia Tech, 2016-05)
Fundamentals of Business (2016) is an openly licensed (CC BY NC SA 3.0) textbook designed for use in Virginia Tech’s Pamplin College of Business introductory level business course, MGT1104 Foundations of Business. A new version of this book was released in August 2018. See http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84848 for more details. If you are an instructor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook, please help us understand a little more about your use by filling out this form http://bit.ly/business-interest. Share and find ancillary resources for this book at OER Commons. Questions? Comments? Did you adopt this book? Please contact the project manager at openeducation@vt.edu. A testbank is now available by request for this book. The testbank is available to any instructor who has adopted Fundamentals of Business in their course. This work is a project of University Libraries and the Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech. Lead: Stephen J. Skripak (adapter)
Contributors: Richard Parsons, Anastasia Cortes, Anita Walz
Layout: Anastasia Cortes
Selected graphics: Brian Craig http://bcraigdesign.com
Cover design: Trevor Finney
Student Reviewers: Jonathan De Pena, Nina Lindsay, Sachi Soni
Project Manager: Anita Walz Editable files are available in MSWord in the .zip folder. Please view the README.txt file within this zipped collection. Print-on-demand softcover versions of this work are available at the cost of manufacturing and shipping from Lulu Press: color | black & white. Selected graphics produced by Brian Craig are available CC BY 4.0 via WikimediaCommons. ISBN: (B&W): 978-0-9979201-1-6
ISBN: (Color): 978-0-9979201-0-9 Table of Contents
Preface: Teamwork in Business
Chapter 1: The Foundations of Business
Chapter 2: Economics and Business
Chapter 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility
Chapter 4: Business in a Global Environment
Chapter 5: Forms of Business Ownership
Chapter 6: Entrepreneurship: Starting a Business
Chapter 7: Management and Leadership
Chapter 8: Structuring Organizations
Chapter 9: Operations Management
Chapter 10: Motivating Employees
Chapter 11: Managing Human Resources
Chapter 12: Union/Management Issues
Chapter 13: Marketing: Providing Value to Customers
Chapter 14: Pricing Strategy
Chapter 15: Hospitality and Tourism
Chapter 16: Accounting and Financial Information
Chapter 17: Personal Finances To request access to the permissions files, please contact vtechworks@vt.edu.
Introduction to Linear, Time-Invariant, Dynamic Systems for Students of Engineering
Hallauer, William L. Jr. (Virginia Tech, 2016-06-02)

This is a complete college textbook, including a detailed table of contents, seventeen chapters (each with a set of relevant homework problems), a list of references, two appendices, and a detailed index. The book is intended to enable students to: - Solve first-, second-, and higher-order, linear, time-invariant (LTI) ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with initial conditions and excitation, using both time-domain and Laplace-transform methods; - Solve for the frequency response of an LTI system to periodic sinusoidal excitation and plot this response in standard form; - Explain the role of the time constant in the response of a first-order LTI system, and the roles of natural frequency, damping ratio, and resonance in the response of a second-order LTI system; - Derive and analyze mathematical models (ODEs) of low-order mechanical systems, both translational and rotational, that are composed of inertial elements, spring elements, and damping devices; - Derive and analyze mathematical models (ODEs) of low-order electrical circuits composed of resistors, capacitors, inductors, and operational amplifiers; - Derive (from ODEs) and manipulate Laplace transfer functions and block diagrams representing output-to-input relationships of discrete elements and of systems; - Define and evaluate stability for an LTI system; - Explain proportional, integral, and derivative types of feedback control for single-input, single-output (SISO), LTI systems; - Sketch the locus of characteristic values, as a control parameter varies, for a feedback-controlled SISO, LTI system; - Use MATLAB as a tool to study the time and frequency responses of LTI systems. The book’s general organization - Chapters 1-10 deal primarily with the ODEs and behaviors of first-order and second-order dynamic systems; - Chapters 11 and 12 discuss the ODEs and behaviors of mechanical systems having two degrees of freedom, i.e., fourth-order systems; - Chapters 13 and 14 introduce classical feedback control; - Chapter 15 presents the basic features of proportional, integral, and derivative types of classical control; - Chapters 16 and 17 discuss methods for analyzing the stability of classical control systems. The general minimum prerequisite for understanding this book is the intellectual maturity of a junior-level (third-year) college student in an accredited four-year engineering curriculum. A mathematical second-order system is represented in this book primarily by a single second-order ODE, not in the state-space form by a pair of coupled first-order ODEs. Similarly, a two-degrees-of-freedom (fourth-order) system is represented by two coupled second-order ODEs, not in the state-space form by four coupled first-order ODEs. The book does not use bond graph modeling, the general and powerful, but complicated, modern tool for analysis of complex, multidisciplinary dynamic systems. The homework problems at the ends of chapters are very important to the learning objectives, so the author attempted to compose problems of practical interest and to make the problem statements as clear, correct, and unambiguous as possible. A major focus of the book is computer calculation of system characteristics and responses and graphical display of results, with use of basic (not advanced) MATLAB commands and programs. The book includes many examples and homework problems relevant to aerospace engineering, among which are rolling dynamics of flight vehicles, spacecraft actuators, aerospace motion sensors, and aeroelasticity. There are also several examples and homework problems illustrating and validating theory by using measured data to identify first- and second-order system dynamic characteristics based on mathematical models (e.g., time constants and natural frequencies), and system basic properties (e.g., mass, stiffness, and damping). Applications of real and simulated experimental data appear in many homework problems. The book contains somewhat more material than can be covered during a single standard college semester, so an instructor who wishes to use this as a one-semester course textbook should not attempt to cover the entire book, but instead should cover only those parts that are most relevant to the course objectives.
About the author
William L. Hallauer, Jr. is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering at Virginia Tech. Education: - B.S. in Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 1961-65; - S.M. in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1965-66; - Ph.D. in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, 1969-74.
Employment in higher education: - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Mechanical Engineering), 1974-87, 1989-91, 2000-05; - United States Air Force Academy (Engineering Mechanics), 1987-89, 1994-99. Employment in industry: - Boeing Company (Commercial Airplane Group), 1966-69; - Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, 1973-74; - Dynacs Engineering Company, Inc. (contractor for the U.S. Air Force), 1992-94. Primary technical areas of learning, teaching, and research: - Structures, structural dynamics, and fluid-structure interaction (theory and computation); - Experimental analysis of structural dynamics, including electrical and electromechanical systems used in experiments; - Active control of vibration in highly flexible structures; - Composition of research articles and instructional material.
Electromagnetics Volume 1 (beta)
Ellingson, Steven (Virginia Tech Libraries, 2018)

PLEASE NOTE: This item has been superceded by a new version. Electromagnetics Volume 1 (Aug. 2018), which is freely available electronically. Electromagnetics Volume 1 (BETA) (CC BY-SA 4.0) by Steven W. Ellingson is a 224-page, peer-reviewed, open educational resource intended to serve as a primary textbook for a one-semester first course in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics, and includes: electric and magnetic fields; electromagnetic properties of materials; electromagnetic waves; and devices that operate according to associated electromagnetic principles including resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, generators, and transmission lines. This book employs the "transmission lines first" approach, in which transmission lines are introduced using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for a differential length of transmission line, leading to one-dimensional wave equations for voltage and current. This is intended for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. Print copies of this book are available on Amazon.com (ISBN:978-0997920123). About this beta version
The beta version of Volume 1 is being field tested in a Spring 2018 course. It will be updated and re-released at this site in VTechWorks in Summer 2018. The following will also be added: index (within the book); problem sets, solution manual, and LaTeX source code (in VTechWorks). Use, sharing, contributions to, and customization of this book or portions of this book or figures are an inherent part of the intent of the way this book has been published. Please let us alert you of changes and developments. Telling us that you are using, hosting, or adapting Electromagnetics allows us to update you regarding collaborative development opportunities, errata, new volumes and editions, supplements and ancillaries, and newly issued print versions. Tell us at: http://bit.ly/vtpublishing-updates Current errata for this volume can be found at: http://www.faculty.ece.vt.edu/swe/oem/Vol1Beta_errata.txt Share feedback & suggestions
1. Submit private or anonymous suggestions or feedback to the editor / author at: http://bit.ly/electromagnetics-suggestion
2. Share suggestions by annotating on the document using Hypothes.is https://web.hypothes.is View the guide for using Hypothesis to make comments http://bit.ly/userfeedbackguide
3. Submit additional suggestions via email to: publishing@vt.edu Table of contents
Chapter 1: Preliminary Concepts
Chapter 2: Electric and Magnetic Fields
Chapter 3: Transmission Lines 29
Chapter 4: Vector Analysis
Chapter 5: Electrostatics
Chapter 6: Steady Current and Conductivity
Chapter 7: Magnetostatics
Chapter 8: Time-Varying Fields
Chapter 9: Plane Wave Propagation in Lossless Media
Appendix A: Constitutive Parameters of Some Common Materials
Appendix B: Mathematical Formulas
Appendix C: Physical Constants The open Electromagnetics project at Virginia Tech
This textbook is part of the Open Electromagnetics Project led by Steven W. Ellingson at Virginia Tech. The goal of the project is to create no-cost openly-licensed content for courses in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics. The project is motivated by two things: lowering learning material costs for students and giving faculty the freedom to adopt, modify, and improve their educational resources. Cover design: Robert Browder
Cover image: (c) Michelle Yost. Total Internal Reflection (modified by Robert Browder) is licensed with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license About the author
Steven W. Ellingson (ellingson@vt.edu) is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia in the United States. He received PhD and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State University and a BS in Electrical & Computer Engineering from Clarkson University. He was employed by the US Army, Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Raytheon, and the Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory before joining the faculty of Virginia Tech, where he teaches courses in electromagnetics, radio frequency systems, wireless communications, and signal processing. His research includes topics in wireless communications, radio science, and radio frequency instrumentation. Professor Ellingson serves as a consultant to industry and government and is the author of Radio Systems Engineering (Cambridge University Press, 2016). Suggested citation
Ellingson, Steven W. (2018) Electromagnetics, Vol. 1 (Beta). Blacksburg, VA: VT Publishing. https://doi.org/10.7294/W4WQ01ZM Licensed with CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Publication of this book was made possible in part by the Virginia Tech University Libraries’ Open Education Faculty Initiative Grant program: http://guides.lib.vt.edu/oer/grants
Motivating Students by Design: Practical Strategies for Professors, 2nd Edition
Jones, Brett D. (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018)
The title of the book, Motivating Students by Design (2018), was chosen because the author explains how instructors can motivate students intentionally through the design of their courses. The two primary purposes of this book are to present a motivation model that can be used to design instruction and to provide practical motivation strategies and examples that can be used to motivate students to engage in learning. Based on decades of research, Dr. Brett Jones presents a framework to organize teaching strategies that motivate students. All of the strategies presented are followed by several examples, which provide readers with about 150 ideas for how the strategies can be implemented in courses. This book will be useful to graduate students and beginning professors, as well as professors who are more experienced and want to refine their instruction or try new strategies. It is helpful to know who is using this free PDF version of the book. Please take a minute to complete a brief informational survey at https://bit.ly/interest-motivatingstudents. How to access this book
This text is available as a whole book in PDF at https://hdl.handle.net/10919/102728. A print-on-demand version is also available via Amazon ISBN (print): 978-1-981497-01-0
ISBN (PDF): 978-1-949373-50-9
Stable URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102728 For more information, please visit: https://www.theMUSICmodel.com and YouTube @brettdjones https://www.youtube.com/c/brettdjones. Table of contents
Frontmatter: Copyright/license, Contents, More Information, Acknowledgments, Dedication, New to the Second Edition
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Understanding Motivation and the MUSIC Model of Motivation
Chapter 3: Designing Instruction Using the MUSIC Model of Motivation
Chapter 4: Strategies to eMpower Students
Chapter 5: Strategies to Leverage Usefulness
Chapter 6: Strategies to Support Success
Chapter 7: Strategies to Trigger Interest
Chapter 8: Strategies to Foster Caring
Chapter 9: The MUSIC Model of Motivation Theory and Research
Backmatter: Afterward, References, Appendices, and About the Author Suggested citation
Jones, B. D. (2018). Motivating students by design: Practical strategies for professors (2nd ed.). Charleston, SC: CreateSpace. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102728 License
This work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (CC BY NC ND).
Anyone is free to share and redistribute the material in any medium or format under the following terms: - Attribution - You must give appropriate credit including the name of the author, copyright notice, URL to the work, and name and link to the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license. - NonCommercial - You may not use the material for commercial purposes. - NoDerivatives - If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. - No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Legal code for CC BY NC ND license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
For additional permissions, write to Brett D. Jones at brettdjones@gmail.com.
MUSIC® is a Registered Trademark of Brett D. Jones and is not subject to the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license under which this book is released. About the author
Brett D. Jones is a full Professor of Educational Psychology in the School of Education at Virginia Tech. He has held faculty positions as an educational psychologist at Duke University, the University of South Florida St. Petersburg (USFSP), and Virginia Tech (VT). He has taught 24 different types of courses related to motivation, cognition, and teaching strategies, and has conducted workshops and invited presentations at several universities. His teaching awards include the Teaching Excellence Award for the College of Education at USFSP (2003), the university-wide Undergraduate Teaching Award at USFSP (2003-2004), the Favorite Faculty award (2007) at VT, the Teacher of the Week award (2013) at VT, and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Award (2016) at VT. His research, which includes examining instructional methods that support students’ motivation and learning, has led to more than 100 refereed journal articles, 150 research presentations, several book chapters, and three books. He has received three grants from the National Science Foundation for a total of over $2 million to conduct his research. He received the VT College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences Excellence in Research and Creative Scholarship Award in 2011 and 2019.
Electromagnetics, Volume 1
Ellingson, Steven W. (VT Publishing, 2018-08)

Electromagnetics, volume 1 by Steven W. Ellingson is a 225-page, peer-reviewed open educational resource intended for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. It is intended as a primary textbook for a one-semester first course in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics. The book employs the “transmission lines first” approach in which transmission lines are introduced using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for a differential length of transmission line, leading to one-dimensional wave equations for voltage and current. Note: Electromagnetics, volume 2 (2020) is now available at https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-2. Suggested citation
Ellingson, Steven W. (2018) Electromagnetics, Vol. 1. Blacksburg, VA: VT Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-1 CC BY-SA 4.0 Three formats of this book are available: - Print (ISBN 9780997920185) Available from Amazon.com - PDF (ISBN 9780997920192) - LaTeX source files Report adoption of this book here. If you are a professor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook please help us understand your use by completing this form.
Additional resources - Problem sets and the corresponding solution manual. - Slides of figures used in and created for the book. - Errata for Volume 1 - Community portal for the Electromagnetics series - Faculty listserv for the Electromagnetics series - Submit feedback and suggestions - Independent Reviews Table of contents
Chapter 1: Preliminary Concepts
Chapter 2: Electric and Magnetic Fields
Chapter 3: Transmission Lines
Chapter 4: Vector Analysis
Chapter 5: Electrostatics
Chapter 6: Steady Current and Conductivity
Chapter 7: Magnetostatics
Chapter 8: Time-Varying Fields
Chapter 9: Plane Waves in Lossless Media
Appendixes A. Constitutive Parameters of Some Common Materials B. Mathematical Formulas C. Physical Constants
The Open Electromagnetics Project
Led by Steven W. Ellingson at Virginia Tech, the goal of the Open Electromagnetics Project is to create no-cost openly-licensed content for courses in engineering electromagnetics. The project is motivated by two things: lowering learning material costs for students and giving faculty the freedom to adopt, modify, and improve their educational resources. Books in this series
Electromagnetics, Volume 1 https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-1
Electromagnetics, Volume 2 https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-2 To express your interest in a book or this series, please visit http://bit.ly/vtpublishing-updates This book improves on Electromagnetics Volume 1 (beta) with the investment of field testing, copyediting, and technical review. Changes include correction of errors identified in the beta version errata and many minor improvements, addition of an index, addition of a separate manual of examples and solutions, and LaTeX source files for the book. About the author
Steven W. Ellingson (ellingson@vt.edu) is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia in the United States. He received PhD and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State University and a BS in Electrical & Computer Engineering from Clarkson University. He was employed by the US Army, Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Raytheon, and the Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory before joining the faculty of Virginia Tech, where he teaches courses in electromagnetics, radio frequency systems, wireless communications, and signal processing. His research includes topics in wireless communications, radio science, and radio frequency instrumentation. Professor Ellingson serves as a consultant to industry and government and is the author of Radio Systems Engineering (Cambridge University Press, 2016). Publication of this book was made possible in part by the Open Education Faculty Initiative Grant program at the University Libraries at Virginia Tech. http://guides.lib.vt.edu/oer/grants Cover design: Robert Browder
Cover image: (c) Michelle Yost. Total Internal Reflection (modified by Robert Browder) is licensed with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license
Fundamentals of Business, Second Edition
Skripak, Stephen J.; Cortes, Anastasia; Walz, Anita R.; Parsons, Richard; Walton, Gary (VT Publishing, 2018-08-31)

Fundamentals of Business, Second Edition (2018) is an 372-page open education resource intended to serve as a no-cost, faculty customizable primary text for one-semester undergraduate introductory business courses. It covers the following topics in business: Teamwork; economics; ethics; entrepreneurship; business ownership, management, and leadership; organizational structures and operations management; human resources and motivating employees; managing in labor union contexts; marketing and pricing strategy; hospitality and tourism, accounting and finance, and personal finances. The textbook was designed for use in Virginia Tech’s Pamplin College of Business introductory level business course, MGT1104 Foundations of Business and is shared under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial ShareAlike 4.0 license. NOTE: A third edition of this book was released in 2020. See http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99283 for more details and to freely access the third edition. If you are an instructor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook, please help us understand your use by filling out this form http://bit.ly/business-interest. If you are an instructor seeking supplementary resources for teaching, please join the listserv for this book and the resource sharing portal. A testbank is now available by request for this book. The testbank is available to any instructor who has adopted Fundamentals of Business in their course. Permanent handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84848 (PDF, epub, and other versions)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/fundamentals-of-business-vtechworks (PDF, epub, and other versions)
Online book: https://oen.pressbooks.pub/fundamentalsofbusiness (eBook-Pressbooks)
ISBN (print-color): 9780997920178 Available on Amazon
ISBN (print-black & white): 9781949373981 Available on Amazon
ISBN (ebook-PDF): 9781949373905
ISBN (eBook-Pressbooks): 97809979201-3-0 Instructors reviewing, selecting or adapting the text are encouraged to register their use with VT Publishing at in order to stay up to date regarding new volumes and editions, supplements, newly issued print versions, errata, and collaborative development or research opportunities. You may submit comments or report errors using this form. Additional suggestions or feedback may be submitted via email at: publishing@vt.edu Errors, omissions, and additions This work is a project of the Pamplin College of Business and University Libraries at Virginia Tech. This work is published by VT Publishing. What’s new?
This version of the book, the second edition, improves upon the 2016 edition. Improvements include: - Correction of errata identified in the 2016 compilation and many minor improvements. - Renumbering of chapters and added front matter. - Addition of new content: the PESTEL model in Chapter 2, Qualtrax case study in Chapter 7, and substantive revision of Chapter 16 Hospitality and Tourism. - Addition of desktop and mobile friendly navigation features and interactive self-quizzing (Pressbooks version only). - Addition of links to related external videos. - Addition of a low-resolution version. - Addition of accessibility features. Accessible PDFs: Figures now include alternative text (AltText) which enables access by users of screen reader software. - Broader format availability: PDF, epub, mobi, html, PressbooksXML, and OpenDocument (ODF) which is unformatted text editable with MSWord. - Addition of a feedback form for reporting errata - Addition of a faculty listserv and sharing portal. - Errata and corrections made to the Pressbooks version. No changes made to other formats. Features of the book
Each chapter lists learning objectives at the beginning of the chapter and key takeaways at the end of the chapter. The Pressbooks version of this book also includes interactive self-quizzing. Editable files are available in HTML, Open Document, PressBooks XML, ePub, MOBI, and PDF. Selected graphics produced by Brian Craig are available CC BY 4.0 via WikimediaCommons. Table of contents
Chapter 1: Teamwork in Business
Chapter 2: The Foundations of Business
Chapter 3: Economics and Business
Chapter 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility
Chapter 5: Business in a Global Environment
Chapter 6: Forms of Business Ownership
Chapter 7: Entrepreneurship: Starting a Business
Chapter 8: Management and Leadership
Chapter 9: Structuring Organizations
Chapter 10: Operations Management
Chapter 11: Motivating Employees
Chapter 12: Managing Human Resources
Chapter 13: Union/Management Issues
Chapter 14: Marketing: Providing Value to Customers
Chapter 15: Pricing Strategy
Chapter 16: Hospitality and Tourism
Chapter 17: Accounting and Financial Information
Chapter 18: Personal Finances Suggested citation
Skripak, Stephen J. (2018). Fundamentals of Business, 2nd Edition, Blacksburg, VA: VT Publishing. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84848. Licensed with CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0. Contributors: Anastasia Cortes, Gary Walton, Richard Parsons, Anita Walz
Digital and print production: Corinne Guimont with Robert Browder
Alternative text and accessibility: Stephanie Edwards and Christa Miller
Selected graphics: Brian Craig
Cover design: Trevor Finney
Student reviewers: Jonathan De Pena, Nina Lindsay, Sachi Soni
Project manager / editor: Anita Walz About the author
About the Previous Author
Fundamentals of Business, 2nd edition is adapted from a work produced and distributed under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. We wish to extend our gratitude to the original author for portions of her book which were remixed and adapted to form portions of Chapters 1-15 and 17-18 of Fundamentals of Business. If the publisher and author are both willing to allow us to provide attribution to the author while retaining use of the Creative Commons license and continuing to provide free public access, we will gladly and publicly thank the original author here.

About Stephen Skripak
Stephen J. Skripak is Professor of Practice in Management at Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech and former Associate Dean for Graduate Programs (2006-2014). He is a senior executive with 25 years of business leadership experience, including positions as General Manager and Chief Financial Officer with divisions of Fortune 500 companies. His background includes financial services, consumer packaged goods, apparel, and industrial companies, with emphasis in turnaround situations.
Testbank for Fundamentals of Business
Bamgarner, Sarah; Cortes, Anastasia; Futyma, Frank; Goodwin, Thomas; Hertweck, Bryan; Manfred, Michelle; Poff, Ron; Tuttle, Mallory; Watters, Sheila; Walz, Anita R. (2019-01)

About the test bank
The test bank includes 377 peer-reviewed, multiple-choice questions which correspond to topics taught in introductory-level business open textbook, Fundamentals of Business (2018) and (2020) which are freely available. Between 11-29 multiple-choice items are available for each of the following topics: Teamwork in Business, Foundations of Business, Economics and Business, Ethics and Social Responsibility, Business in a Global Environment, Forms of Business Ownership, Entrepreneurship: Starting a Business, Management and Leadership, Structuring Organizations, Operations Management, Motivating Employees, Managing Human Resources, Union/Management Issues, Marketing: Providing Value to Customers, Pricing Strategy, Hospitality and Tourism, Accounting and Financial Information, and Personal Finances. Requirements for test bank access
The test bank is available to any instructor who has adopted Fundamentals of Business in their course. It is NOT available to students for self-study nor is it available for research purposes. Please complete steps 1-3 below. STEP 0 (optional): View and test the "sample" files in the left hand column to determine which format works best for you. Additional information about each format type is available below under the formats section.
STEP 1 (required): Indicate requested files by clicking on any of the test bank files on the left (marked "permission required") add a note and press submit to request access.
STEP 2 (required): Email a copy of your course syllabus to openeducation@vt.edu
STEP 3 (required): Complete and submit the User Verification Process Form linked here. You will receive a copy of your request via email. Requested files will be released via email when steps two through four have been completed and reviewed. Note that access approvals are processed only during regular business hours. PLEASE NOTE that some campus emails block messages with zip files (which is the format of the test bank.) If you know your campus email does this, please indicate this and include an alternate email when you request the test bank. If you have submitted all required documentation and not heard anything after 3-5 business days, please contact openeducation@vt.edu as our email to you may have been blocked. Sample questions
Sample questions are available for those who wish to test various formats and assess the suitability of the test bank as part of their course material adoption decision-making process. Sample questions are provided in the same formats (XLS, Canvas IMS QTI 1.1.3, XML QTI, and Blackboard formats) as the permission-only test bank files. Sample questions have been removed from the electronically secure test bank. Formats
The test bank and portions thereof are available in multiple formats. Links to external sites regarding uploading different types of QTI files are here: Canvas | Blackboard or on the help pages for your respective learning management system by searching for "QTI". Files marked "IMS QTI 1.1.3" and have been tested to successfully import into Canvas but may work with other LMS/VLE systems. Please use the sample files to determine if one of the export formats will work for your specific situation. Please note that we are unable to provide additional file types, support for uploading, or assistance with reformatting files. Please contact your local learning management system (LMS) manager for additional support. 1. XLS (377 items): - Question and up to four multiple choice answers with the answer marked, - Question numbers, and - Chapter name, question type (factual or applied/conceptual), and level of difficulty information (Levels 1-3, with 1 being the easiest and 3 being the most difficult) are included on the item level. 2. Canvas IMS QTI 1.1.3 (377 items or 18 chapter-by chapters files containing 377 items): - Question and up to four multiple choice answers with the answer marked, - Question numbers, and - Chapter name, question type, and level of difficulty information are NOT included on the item level. 3. XML QTI (individual chapter-level test banks - 18 zip files): - Question and up to four multiple choice answers with the answer marked, - Question numbers, and - Chapter name, question type, and level of difficulty information are NOT included on the item level. 4. Blackboard (377 items or 18 chapter-by-chapter files containing 377 items): - Question and up to four multiple choice answers with the answer marked, - Question numbers, and - Chapter name, question type, and level of difficulty information are NOT included on the item level. Terms of use
Test bank questions and answers are the Copyrighted property of their creators.
Verified users are responsible for secure handling of the test bank. While every effort is given to ensure security of test bank questions or answers and release only to verified users, no warranties are given regarding the security of the test bank. Virginia Tech and the test bank authors can authorize and require, but cannot control what you or any other verified user does.
Privileges and responsibilities of verified users
Verified users may: - reproduce, - modify, and - redistribute
test bank questions and answers in the context of educational exams, quizzes, and assessments only.
Verified users must: - take reasonable measures to prevent students from duplicating and redistributing questions and answers
Verified users must not: - share test bank questions and answers beyond the institution with which the verified user reported an affiliation; - give exams back to students to keep or otherwise distribute; - release the test bank or answers to students as a self study-tool; - publicly post any portions of the test bank; - allow students to retain permanent or long-term access to exam materials.
Test bank access is limited to only those instructors who intend to use Fundamentals of Business in their course. In order to be verified, an instructor must: - Agree to the Terms of Use - Submit a copy of their course syllabus to openeducation@vt.edu (you retain all rights) - Confirm intent to adopt Fundamentals of Business for their course - Use an .edu address and provide verifiable information of their status as a business instructor
To be verified or to provide alternate credentials, please follow the "instructions for test bank access" above. Contact us
Errata | Report an error or omission Distribution
The information in the test bank is of a proprietary nature, produced by or for faculty of public institutions of higher education as a result of collaborative study, research, and peer review. Because it is intended to be used in student assessment the information has not been publicly released or published. If you become aware of public distribution of the test bank or portions thereof shared outside of a secure electronic environment, assessment context, or other security breach please inform us at: openeducation@vt.edu. Liability
The test bank and test bank items are provided "as is." Users of this resource assume all risks and further agree to hold Virginia Tech, the Commonwealth of Virginia and their employees and agents, and project contributors harmless from any and all actions related to use of this program.
Course material evaluation worksheet
Walz, Anita R. (2019-11-25)
Course material evaluation worksheet. Suggestions and corrections are welcome at arwalz@vt.edu
Electromagnetics, Volume 2
Ellingson, Steven W. (Virginia Tech Publishing, 2020-01)

Electromagnetics, volume 2 by Steven W. Ellingson is a 216-page peer-reviewed open textbook designed especially for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. It is intended as the primary textbook for the second semester of a two-semester undergraduate engineering electromagnetics sequence. The book addresses magnetic force and the Biot-Savart law; general and lossy media; parallel plate and rectangular waveguides; parallel wire, microstrip, and coaxial transmission lines; AC current flow and skin depth; reflection and transmission at planar boundaries; fields in parallel plate, parallel wire, and microstrip transmission lines; optical fiber; and radiation and antennas. Review or adopt this book
If you are an instructor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook please help us understand your use by completing this form. Additional resources - Problem sets and the corresponding solution manuals - Slides of figures used in and created for the book - LaTeX sourcefiles - Screen-reader friendly version - Errata for Volume 2 - Collaborator portal for the Electromagnetics series - Faculty listserv for the Electromagnetics series - Submit feedback and suggestions Three formats of this book are available - Print (ISBN 9781949373912) Available from Amazon.com - PDF (ISBN 9781949373929) - LaTeX source files Table of contents
Chapter 1: Preliminary Concepts
Chapter 2: Magnetostatics Redux
Chapter 3: Wave Propagation in General Media
Chapter 4: Current Flow in Imperfect Conductors
Chapter 5: Wave Reflection and Transmission
Chapter 6: Waveguides
Chapter 7: Transmission Lines Redux
Chapter 8: Optical Fiber
Chapter 9: Radiation
Chapter 10: Antennas
Appendix A: Constitutive Parameters of Some Common Materials
Appendix B: Mathematical Formulas
Appendix C: Physical Constants The Open Electromagnetics Project
Led by Steven W. Ellingson at Virginia Tech, the goal of the Open Electromagnetics Project is to create no-cost openly-licensed content for courses in engineering electromagnetics. The project is motivated by two things: lowering learning material costs for students and giving faculty the freedom to adopt, modify, and improve their educational resources. Books in this series
Electromagnetics, Volume 1 https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-1
Electromagnetics, Volume 2 https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-2 To express your interest in a book or this series, please visit http://bit.ly/vtpublishing-updates Suggested citation
Ellingson, Steven W. (2020) Electromagnetics, Vol. 2. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-2 CC BY-SA 4.0 About the author
Steven W. Ellingson (ellingson@vt.edu) is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia in the United States. He received PhD and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State University and a BS in Electrical & Computer Engineering from Clarkson University. He was employed by the US Army, Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Raytheon, and the Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory before joining the faculty of Virginia Tech, where he teaches courses in electromagnetics, radio frequency systems, wireless communications, and signal processing. His research includes topics in wireless communications, radio science, and radio frequency instrumentation. Professor Ellingson serves as a consultant to industry and government and is the author of Radio Systems Engineering (Cambridge University Press, 2016). Publication of this book was made possible in part by the Open Education Faculty Initiative Grant program at the University Libraries at Virginia Tech. http://guides.lib.vt.edu/oer/grants Cover design: Robert Browder
Cover image: (c) Michelle Yost. Total Internal Reflection (modified by Robert Browder) is licensed with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license
Voices of Virginia: An Auditory Primary Source Reader
Taylor, Jessica; Stewart, Emily (Virginia Tech, 2020-01-21)

Voices of Virginia pulls together stories from oral history collections from across decades and archives to create an all-audio source companion for Virginia’s high school and college students. The "album" is only two hours long, but contains dozens of short oral histories from eyewitnesses to key moments in American history, from the end of the Civil War to the 1980s. The excerpts are downloadable, accessible by smartphone, and accompanied by a transcript. Audio clips are also available on Soundcloud. You’ll also find a brief introduction to each narrator, historical context adapted from experts at Encyclopedia Virginia, American Yawp, and Public Domain sources, and helpful classroom tools like discussion questions, activities, and lesson plans that fit into both the Virginia high school and college U.S. History curriculum. By following the larger national story with narratives from across the Commonwealth, Voices of Virginia grounds students in how history guides and is guided by everyday people and their experiences. Voices of Virginia is a winner of the 2020 Mason Multi-Media Award from the Oral History Association. Over twenty archives across Virginia and beyond have generously donated segments, and granted permission for their oral histories to be reproduced and publicly shared under a CC BY NC SA 4.0 license, which ensures that the content remains free to use and re-purpose for all listeners. These archives include: - African American Historical Society of Portsmouth - Amherst Glebe Arts Response - Archives of Appalachia (Eastern Tennessee State University) - Cape Charles Rosenwald Initiative - Center for Documentary Studies and the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Duke University) - Charles City County Richard M. Bowman Center for Local History - Chuck Mauro, private collection (Herndon, VA) - Clarence Dunnaville (American Civil War Museum) - Desegregation of Virginia Education Project (Old Dominion University) - Digital Library of Appalachia (Appalachian College Association) - Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands Center - Friends of the Rappahannock - George Mason University - Grayson County Historical Society - Greene County Historical Society - Mountain Home Center (Bland County Public Schools) - Old Dominion University Libraries Special Collections and University Archives - Oral History Archives at Columbia (Columbia University) - Roanoke Public Library (Southwest Virginia LGBTQ+ History Project) - Samuel Proctor Oral History Program (University of Florida) - Southern Foodways Alliance (University of Mississippi) This material is aligned to the History and Social Science Standards for Virginia Public Schools - March 2015. The collection was curated by Jessica Taylor, Ph.D. with Emily Stewart. Feedback regarding this collection is welcome at https://bit.ly/VoicesOfVirginia This work was made possible in part by a grant from University Libraries at Virginia Tech’s Open Education Initiative. About the editors
Jessica Taylor is the Director of Public History and an Assistant Professor of Early American and Oral History in the History Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (Virginia Tech) where she has been a faculty member since 2018. Jessica completed her Ph.D. in History at the University of Florida and her undergraduate and master's studies at the College of William and Mary. Her research and work focuses on the history of social change in Virginia and the American South, from the colonial period to the present day. Dr. Taylor collaborates with preservation and historical groups across the South to collect and share oral histories, teaches Public History and Native History classes, and is the author of multiple journal articles about historical memory in the South. Her manuscript, Certaine Boundes: Borders and Movement in the Native Chesapeake, explores the lives of Indians and non-elites in seventeenth-century Virginia. Beyond writing, she works to provide opportunities for and be a better teacher to every kind of student. She is always looking for hands-on experiences and conversations about activism, history, archaeology, preservation, museums, and liberal arts education.
Emily Stewart is a student in Virginia Tech's History MA program. She will earn her Master's degree in May, 2020. Emily completed her undergraduate studies at Virginia Tech where she majored in History. Her current research focuses on Virginia educational history in the twentieth century. Her master's thesis focuses on the relationship between standardization and segregation of Virginia public education in the early twentieth century. Throughout her studies at Virginia Tech, Emily has always been interested in oral histories. The Voices of Virginia project presented her with an ideal opportunity to further cultivate her interest in the field of oral and public history.
Fundamentals of Business, third edition
Skripak, Stephen J.; Poff, Ron (Pamplin College of Business in association with Virginia Tech Publishing, 2020-07)
Please note that a 4th edition of the open textbook, Fundamentals of Business, was released in 2023: https://doi.org/10.21061/fundamentalsofbusiness4e.
Fundamentals of Business, third edition (2020) is an 370-page open education resource intended to serve as a no-cost, faculty customizable primary text for one-semester undergraduate introductory business courses. It covers the following topics in business: Teamwork; economics; ethics; entrepreneurship; business ownership, management, and leadership; organizational structures and operations management; human resources and motivating employees; managing in labor union contexts; marketing and pricing strategy; hospitality and tourism, accounting and finance, and personal finances. The textbook was designed for use in Virginia Tech’s Pamplin College of Business introductory level business course, MGT1104 Foundations of Business and is shared under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial ShareAlike 4.0 license. An online, interactive, accessible version of this book is available at: https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/fundamentalsofbusiness3e If you are an instructor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook, please help us understand your use by filling out this form. If you are an instructor seeking supplementary resources for teaching, please join the listserv for this book and the resource sharing portal. A testbank is now available by request for this book. The testbank is available to any instructor who has adopted Fundamentals of Business in their course. Permanent handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99283 (PDF, epub, and other versions)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/fundamentals-of-business3e (eBook-Pressbooks)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/fundamentals-of-business3e-vtechworks (PDF, epub, and other versions) ISBNs
ISBN (print - color): 9781949373356
ISBN (print - B&W): 9781949373349
ISBN (PDF): 9781949373882
ISBN (Pressbooks): 9781949373875
ISBN (epub): 9781949373363 Are you reviewing or adopting this book for a course?
Please help us understand your use by filling out this form. Errata and error reporting
View errata
Report an error This work is published by Pamplin College of Business in association with Virginia Tech Publishing. Accessibility notice
Screen reader accessible versions of this text currently include ePub and Pressbooks versions. PDFs of the text do not currently have all available accessibility features enabled. What’s new?
The third edition improves upon the 2016 and 2018 editions.
Improvements include: - Data updates - Updated figures (graphics and images) modernized to new color palette and to include more representative images of people; - Updated content, especially to reflect changes in technology, law, and economics; - Updated examples to include companies more familiar to today’s students. A detailed list of changes by chapter is available in the version notes at the back of the book. Features of the book
Each chapter lists learning objectives at the beginning of the chapter and key takeaways at the end of the chapter. The Pressbooks version of this book also includes interactive self-quizzing. Editable files are available in HTML, Open Document, PressBooks XML, ePub, MOBI, and PDF. Selected graphics produced by Kindred Grey are available under a CC BY SA 4.0 license via WikimediaCommons. Table of contents
Chapter 1: Teamwork in Business vChapter 2: The Foundations of Business
Chapter 3: Economics and Business
Chapter 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility
Chapter 5: Business in a Global Environment
Chapter 6: Forms of Business Ownership
Chapter 7: Entrepreneurship: Starting a Business
Chapter 8: Management and Leadership
Chapter 9: Structuring Organizations
Chapter 10: Operations Management
Chapter 11: Motivating Employees
Chapter 12: Managing Human Resources
Chapter 13: Union/Management Issues
Chapter 14: Marketing: Providing Value to Customers
Chapter 15: Pricing Strategy
Chapter 16: Hospitality and Tourism
Chapter 17: Accounting and Financial Information
Chapter 18: Personal Finances Suggested citation
Skripak, Stephen J. and Poff, Ron (2020). Fundamentals of Business, 3rd Edition, Blacksburg, VA: VT Publishing. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99283. Licensed with CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0. About the author
About the previous author
Fundamentals of Business, 3rd edition is adapted from a work produced and distributed under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. We wish to extend our gratitude to the original author for portions of their book which were remixed and adapted to form portions of Chapters 1-15 and 17-18 of Fundamentals of Business. If the publisher and author are both willing to allow us to provide attribution to the author while retaining use of the Creative Commons license and continuing to provide free public access, we will gladly and publicly thank the original author here. Stephen Skripak
Stephen J. Skripak is Professor of Practice in Management at Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech and former Associate Dean for Graduate Programs (2006-2014). He is a senior executive with 25 years of business leadership experience, including positions as General Manager and Chief Financial Officer with divisions of Fortune 500 companies. His background includes financial services, consumer packaged goods, apparel, and industrial companies, with emphasis in turnaround situations. Ron Poff
Ron Poff is Assistant Professor of Management Practice in the Management Department at Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, where he teaches management courses. He began his career as an enlisted member of the US Navy Reserves before entering his primary career in supply chain operations then sales and marketing, where he served in executive roles with large corporations for over 25 years. As an entrepreneur, he then founded his own marketing agency. His education includes a B.S. in Business Management, M.S. Marketing, and a Graduate Certificate in eMarketing. Contributors
Lead contributor: Ron Poff
Managing editor: Anita Walz
Reviewers/contributors: Lisa R. Fournier, Kindred Grey, Lauren Holt, Katie Manning, Sarah Mease, Michael Stamper, and Blake Warner
Past reviewers/contributors: Anastasia Cortes, Jonathan De Pena, Nina Lindsay, Richard Parsons, Sachi Soni, and Gary Walton
Digital and print production: Robert Browder
Cover design, figure design, and alternative text: Kindred Grey
Strategic Management
Kennedy, Reed; Jamison, Eli; Simpson, Joseph; Kumar, Pankaj; Kemp, Ayenda; Awate, Kiran; Manning, Kathleen (Pamplin College of Business in association with Virginia Tech Publishing, 2020-08)

Strategic Management (2020) is a 343-page open educational resource designed as an introduction to the key topics and themes of strategic management. The open textbook is intended for a senior capstone course in an undergraduate business program and suitable for a wide range of undergraduate business students including those majoring in marketing, management, business administration, accounting, finance, real estate, business information technology, and hospitality and tourism. The text presents examples of familiar companies and personalities to illustrate the different strategies used by today’s firms and how they go about implementing those strategies. It includes case studies, end of section key takeaways, exercises, and links to external videos, and an end-of-book glossary. The text is ideal for courses which focus on how organizations operate at the strategic level to be successful. Students will learn how to conduct case analyses, measure organizational performance, and conduct external and internal analyses. If you are an instructor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook, please help us understand your use by filling out this form http://bit.ly/strategy-interest. How to access this book
This text is available in multiple formats including PDF, a low-resolution PDF which is faster to download, Open Document Format (ODT), and ePub found on the left side of your screen. It is also available online in Pressbooks at https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/strategicmanagement. Softcover print versions are available at the manufacturer's lowest price in color interior or black & white interior. The main landing page for this book is: https://doi.org/10.21061/strategicmanagement. Attribution
This textbook was adapted for use in Virginia Tech’s Pamplin College of Business capstone course, MGT 4394 Strategic Management, and is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 license. It is adapted without attribution to the original 2010 author or publisher at their request. It is adapted from Mastering Strategic Management which was published by the University of Minnesota Publishing in 2015 as an adaptation of the 2010 version. University of Minnesota Publishing reformatted the original text, and replaced some images and figures to make the resulting whole more shareable but did not otherwise significantly alter or update the original 2010 text. Instructor ancillaries
Powerpoint slides are available at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102735. A test bank only for instructors is also available at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104179. Find, adapt and share resources
Instructor Resource Portal in OER Commons Errata and error reporting
Errata
Report an Error Table of contents
Chapter 1: Mastering Strategy: Art and Science
Chapter 2: Assessing Organizational Performance
Chapter 3: Evaluating the External Environment
Chapter 4: Evaluating the Internal Environment
Chapter 5: Synthesis of Strategic Issues and Analysis
Chapter 6: Selecting Business-Level Strategies
Chapter 7: Innovation Strategies
Chapter 8: Selecting Corporate-Level Strategies
Chapter 9: Competing in International Markets
Chapter 10: Executing Strategy through Organizational Design
Chapter 11: Leading an Ethical Organization: Corporate Governance, Corporate Ethics, and Social Responsibility
About the Author / Editorial and Production Teams
Version Notes
Glossary This work is published by Virginia Tech’s Pamplin College of Business in association with Virginia Tech Publishing. Suggested citation
Kennedy, Reed. (2020) Strategic Management. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/strategicmanagement CC BY NC-SA 3.0 Contributors
About the previous author
The publisher of the 2010 version of this book requested that they and the original author not receive attribution.
This Version
Primary contributor: Reed B. Kennedy
Reviewers / contributors: Eli Jamison, Joseph Simpson, Pankaj Kumar, Ayenda Kemp, Kiran Awate, and Kathleen Manning
Cover design, illustration, and alternative text; student reviewer: Kindred Grey
Research and editorial assistant; student reviewer: Kathleen Manning
Managing editor: Anita Walz
Production editor: Robert Browder
Copyeditors: Grace Baggett, Lauren Holt DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/strategicmanagement
ISBN 978-1-949373-94-3 (print-color)
ISBN 978-1-949373-89-9 (print-black & white)
ISBN 978-1-949373-96-7 (ebook-PDF)
ISBN 978-1-949373-95-0 (ebook-Pressbooks) https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/strategicmanagement Accessibility
Virginia Tech Publishing is committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML and screen reader–friendly PDF versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.
Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students
LeClair, Renee J. (Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine in association with Virginia Tech Publishing, 2021)

Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This USMLE-aligned text is designed for a first-year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts. The 276-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics. Available formats
ISBN (PDF): 978-1-949373-42-4
ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-949373-43-1
ISBN (print): 978-1-949373-41-7
Click here to purchase a print copy
ISBN (Pressbooks): 978-1-957213-05-7
Pressbooks
Also available via LibreTexts Report errors How to adopt this book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest by filling out this form. Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal. Features of this book - Detailed learning objectives are provided at the beginning of each subsection - High resolution, color contrasting figures illustrate concepts, relationships, and processes throughout - Summary tables display detailed information - End of chapter lists provide additional sources of information - Accessibility features including structured heads and alternative-text provide access for readers accessing the work via a screen-reader Table of contents 1. Biochemistry basics 2. Basic laboratory measurements 3. Fed and fasted state 4. Fuel for now 5. Fuel for later 6. Lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol synthesis 7. Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), purine and pyrimidine metabolism 8. Amino acid metabolism and heritable disorders of degradation 9. Disorders of monosaccharide metabolism and other metabolic conditions 10. Genes, genomes, and DNA 11. Transcription and translation 12. Gene regulation and the cell cycle 13. Human genetics 14. Linkage studies, pedigrees, and population genetics 15. Cellular signaling 16. Plasma membrane 17. Cytoplasmic membranes 18. Cytoskeleton 19. Extracellular matrix Suggested citation
LeClair, Renée J., (2021). Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students, Roanoke: Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.21061/cellbio. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0. Other titles in this series - LeClair, R., (2022) Neuroscience for Pre-Clinical Students - Binks, A., (2022) Cardiovascular Pathophysiology for Pre-Clinical Students - Binks, A., (2022) Pulmonary Physiology for Pre-Clinical Students - Binks, A., (2022) Pulmonary Pathophysiology for Pre-Clinical Students About the author
Renée J. LeClair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Basic Science Education at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, where her role is to engage activities that support the departmental mission of developing an integrated medical experience using evidence-based delivery grounded in the science of learning. She received a Ph.D. at Rice University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Maine Medical Center Research Institute in vascular biology. She became involved in medical education, curricular renovation, and implementation of innovative teaching methods during her first faculty appointment, at the University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine. In 2013, she moved to a new medical school, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Greenville. The opportunities afforded by joining a new program and serving as the Chair of the Curriculum committee provided a blank slate for creative curricular development and close involvement with the accreditation process. During her tenure she developed and directed a team-taught student-centered undergraduate medical course that integrated the scientific and clinical sciences to assess all six-core competencies of medical education. Accessibility note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Virginia Tech Publishing are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML (Pressbooks) and ePub versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.
Class Slides for Strategic Management
Kennedy, Reed (2021)
Class slides for Strategic Management are freely-available, screen-reader friendly, openly-licensed, and editable. The slides align with the freely-available open textbook, Strategic Management, which is the required text for Virginia Tech's Pamplin College of Business undergraduate capstone course, MGT 4394 Strategic Management. The collection includes eleven chapter-level .ppt slides with questions and activities, and additional slide decks with exercises and cases. The open textbook, Strategic Management is freely available in PDF, ePub, Pressbooks, and other formats at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99282. About the license
Unless otherwise noted, the book, slides, and contents there in are licensed with a Creative Commons NonCommercial ShareAlike (CC BY NC SA) 3.0 license (human readable version | legal code), which allows anyone to remix, tweak, and build upon the work for uses which are primarily non-commercial. New works must acknowledge the original work and be non-commercial. Derivative versions must be licensed under the same CC BY NC SA 3.0 license. See Creative Commons' Best Practices for Attribution for further information. Help us!
If you are an instructor reviewing, adopting, or adapting this textbook and/or slides, please help us understand your use by filling out this form. How to adapt and share the slides
Instructors are encouraged to customize the slide deck by adding their own content and examples. According to the Creative Commons BY NC SA license, customized and shared versions of the slides must: - Retain the original copyright statement - Be released under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY NC SA) 3.0 license - Include a link to the original slide deck source: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102735 - Include brief statement regarding whether or not changes were made - List the the name of the adapter. Find, adapt and share resources
Instructors are encouraged to share their versions via the Instructor Resource Portal in OER Commons. Errata and Error Reporting
Errata
Report an Error Accessibility
Virginia Tech is committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. All figures within the slides have alternative text. This work is published by Virginia Tech's Pamplin College of Business in association with the University Libraries' at Virginia Tech Open Education Initiative. Contributors
Management Faculty, Pamplin College of Business
Reed Kennedy
Eli Jamison
Other esteemed, former faculty from the Department of Management
University Libraries
Design and accessibility: Kylie Call
Figure design and editorial: Kindred Grey
Project Management: Anita Walz
Introduction to Biosystems Engineering
Holden, Nicholas M.; Wolfe, Mary Leigh; Ogejo, Jactone Arogo; Cummins, Enda J. (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) in association with Virginia Tech Publishing, Virginia Tech Libraries, 2021-01)

The discipline of Biosystems Engineering emerged in the 1990s from the traditional strongholds of Agricultural and Food Engineering with the goal of advancing engineering solutions toward creating a sustainable world with abundant food, water, and energy, while maintaining a healthy environment. While the discipline has continued to grow, so has the demand for quality educational resources that instructors can use to teach Biosystems Engineering courses. The publication of this book marks an important step in meeting that demand. Introduction to Biosystems Engineering can be used as a customizable text for university-level introductory courses in Biosystems Engineering. Written by an international team of authors, the book is divided into six sections aligned with technical communities within Biosystems Engineering: Energy Systems; Information Technology, Sensors, and Control Systems; Machinery Systems; Natural Resources and Environmental Systems; Plant, Animal, and Facility Systems; and Processing Systems. Within the sections, individual chapters focus on discrete topics that can be covered in one week of class. Each chapter contains the expected learning outcomes, key concepts, applications of the concepts, and worked examples. Introduction to Biosystems Engineering is available in print and online. The online version is freely downloadable as a complete work and as individual, stand-alone chapters. In addition, a parallel resource is in development—The Biosystems Engineering Digital Library (BEDL)—which will provide more teaching and learning materials for instructors to use in the classroom (ASABE.org/BE). View the video about these projects. Are you reviewing or adopting this book for a course?
Instructors adopting or reviewing this text are encouraged to record their use on this form. This helps the book's sponsors to understand this open textbook's impact. A planned successor volume, Introduction to Biosystems Engineering II, is in development, with new chapters being released starting in 2022. To access these chapters go to: https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineeringII. ISBN (PDF): 9781949373974
ISBN (print): 9781949373936
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View errata The work is published jointly by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) and Virginia Tech Publishing. Virginia Tech is a member of the Open Education Network Publishing Cooperative. Find this and other ASABE Publications at https://elibrary.asabe.org. Table of contents & DOIs
Energy Systems - Bioenergy Conversion Systems (Bioenergy_Systems) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Bioenergy_Systems - Biogas Energy from Organic Wastes (Biogas) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Biogas - Biodiesel from Oils and Fats (Biodiesel) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Biodiesel - Baling Biomass: Densification and Energy Requirements (Baling_Biomass) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Baling_Biomass Information Technology, Sensors and Control Systems - Basic Microcontroller Use for Measurement and Control (Microcontroller) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Microcontroller - Visible and Near Infrared Optical Spectroscopic Sensors for Biosystems Engineering (Optical_Sensors) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Optical_Sensors - Data Processing in Biosystems Engineering (Data_Processing) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Data_Processing Machinery Systems - Traction (Traction) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Traction - Crop Establishment and Protection (Crop_Establishment) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Crop_Establishment - Grain Harvest and Handling (Grain_Harvest) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Grain_Harvest - Mechatronics and Intelligent Systems in Agricultural Machinery (Mechatronics) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Mechatronics Natural Resources & Environmental Systems - Water Budgets for Sustainable Water Management (Water_Budget) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Water_Budget - Water Quality as a Driver of Ecological System Health (Ecosystem_Health) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Ecosystem_Health - Quantifying and Managing Soil Erosion on Cropland (Soil_Erosion) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Soil_Erosion - Anaerobic Digestion of Agri-Food By-products (Anaerobic_Digestion) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Anaerobic_Digestion - Measurement of Gaseous Emissions from Animal Housing (Gaseous_Emissions) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Gaseous_Emissions Plant, Animal and Facility Systems - Plant Production in Controlled Environments (Plant_Controlled_Environment) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Plant_Controlled_Environment - Building Design for Energy Efficient Livestock Housing (Livestock_Housing_Energy) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Livestock_Housing_Energy Processing Systems - Freezing of Food (Freezing_Food) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Freezing_Food - Principles of Thermal Processing of Packaged Foods (Food_Thermal_Processing) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Food_Thermal_Processing - Deep Fat Frying of Food (Frying_Food) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Frying_Food - Irradiation of Food (Food_Irradiation) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Food_Irradiation - Packaging (Packaging) https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering/Packaging Accessibility note
The PDFs of this item are screen reader friendly, leveraging heading/structure and alt text for figures. However, mathematical equations are not accessible. Math is displayed as images and does not have alternative text. Suggested citation
Holden, N. M., Wolfe, M. L., Ogejo, J. A., and E. J. Cummins. (2021) Introduction to Biosystems Engineering, ASABE and Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/IntroBiosystemsEngineering, CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Problem Sets for Aerospace Structures
Patil, Mayuresh J. (2021-07)

This collection of interactive problems and solutions includes over twenty-five collections of 3-5 problems each on topics relevant to undergraduate-level aerospace structures such as: load factors, strain, stress, stress transformation and principal stresses, material properties, composites, equations of equilibrium, Airy stress function, thermoelasticity, failure theories, elastic-plastic analysis, fracture, beam bending, principal of minimum total potential energy, finite element method for beams, plate bending, buckling, structural dynamics, and aeroelasticity. Purpose
The problem sets were developed to help faculty provide regular formative assessments to the students without any corresponding grading burden (for the faculty or TA). The assessments can be given twice a week in a typical class and can help the students get feedback on a regular basis. Problem sets supplement the open textbook, Aerospace Structures by Eric Raymond Johnson (2022) https://doi.org/10.21061/AerospaceStructures. Author and license information
The problem sets were developed by Mayuresh Patil, former Associate Department Chair, Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Oceanic Engineering at Virginia Tech, and currently Professor of Practice at Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech. Problem sets are ©2021 Mayuresh Patil and released under a Creative Commons NonCommercial ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY NC-SA) license. License terms are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0. Suggested citation
Patil, Mayuresh. (2021) Problem Sets for Aerospace Structures. CC BY-NC-SA. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104169. Technical notes regarding use of the problem sets
Each of the 25+ problem sets were built in Canvas “legacy quizzes” and exported into the IMS QTI 1.2 format. Open access to the problem sets - Problem sets are available for free public view in Canvas Commons. View the list of direct links provided below, download the file titled "Problem_set_URLs_for_Canvas_Commons.txt (2.863Kb)" from this page, or search for “Aerospace Structures” at https://lor.instructure.com. A Canvas account is not required to view items designated as “public” in Canvas Commons. - Users logged into a Canvas account may import these directly to an existing course or download them in IMS QTI 1.2 format for use in a different IMS QTI compatible system such as Blackboard, D2L, or other IMS QTI-compliant systems. - Users without a Canvas account have the option to create a free canvas account at: https://canvas.instructure.com/register_from_website, which will allow them to export / download them. - IMS QTI 1.2 formatted downloads of problem sets are also available as Zip files without a login on the left side of this page. They were exported using open source 7zip software. Please note that we are unable to provide additional file types, support for uploading, or assistance with reformatting files. Please contact your local learning management system (LMS) manager for additional support. Help us!
If you are an instructor using, reviewing, adopting, or adapting questions from the problem set we would love to know! Please help us understand your use by filling out this form. Acknowledgments
This project was made possible in part by funding of the Virtual Library of Virginia and assistance from the Open Education Initiative of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.
Author: Mayuresh Patil
Project Manager: Anita Walz Direct links to problem sets in the Canvas Commons system - Airy Stress Function (Part I) https://lor.instructure.com/resources/bc7f1eac158e4ec69d8542348492cbe7?shared - Airy Stress Function (Part II): https://lor.instructure.com/resources/cadcd3b91117444a8539e6068fae4860?shared - Beam Buckling: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/dbd9e74cbe4c474483aed9ba3d46cebd?shared - Beam Buckling using PMTPE: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/09051d82e6f145d292d43f2192a08dce?shared - Buckling (Discrete Systems): https://lor.instructure.com/resources/1f444c42b32c40899ebbf183cc43ad80?shared - Beam Analysis using PMTPE: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/d1cc9160c39b48f493a59c6104d5d33a?shared - Composites: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/4b776606c2e9494f8464b775815878c3?shared - Constitutive Law: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/e55059203a5d45f29a9f1468f1a48b9d?shared - Elastic-Plastic Analysis: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/7b7f2fcf64bd44d880695ee33bda08fd?shared - Equilibrium: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/52995ce999ad4894b8e2b312bba7bfc6?shared - Failure Theories: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/007a7ae0772644e387f2473ba5a1ed46?shared - Fracture: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/f7c46457a70e4a21a2b5b3bf819fc804?shared - Load Factors: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/b1d1974fe78c46ba8f4c5c6c733a1737?shared - Material Properties: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/75def72391b945c3bce8c73a5eb6c052?shared - Plate Bending: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/285f2faccc8a4ce5a45d2256e8106066?shared - Plate Buckling using PMTPE: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/49937783dff542e1b4dc80fa979a4d87?shared - PMTPE (Discrete Systems): https://lor.instructure.com/resources/3b9e350fa6004c18aa2568b16caddfc8?shared - Strain: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/934505d71f124d249067be1f5b7eb753?shared - Stress: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/90190ea55ae641459661c1f199549948?shared - Thermoelasticity: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/d0a90b895c2545768b3df07c0210ffea?shared - V-n diagram: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/32617ae1ff3344258354b4385693f4aa?shared - Plate Buckling: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/1264f807f84f44808e03e00be51e5c49?shared - Plate with a Hole: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/672eca566a814e16b052757004f68963?shared - Polar Coordinates: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/2b20db974faa44309430866eae247a9e?shared - Principle/Maximum Stresses: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/df7c8e088ccb4a9991753f87b15c99ff?shared - Stress/Strain Transformation: https://lor.instructure.com/resources/4a11d3349e8e4443b607915656279cd3?shared
Strategic Management Test Bank
Jamison, Eli; Vander Weerdt, Candice; Gaines, Ashley; Quadri, Shazeen; Wu, Lucy; Walz, Anita R.; Bunjaku, Besa (2021-09-01)

The Strategic Management test bank includes 782 peer-reviewed, multiple-choice questions which correspond to topics taught in undergraduate, capstone-level business open textbook, Strategic Management (2020), freely available (CC BY-NC-SA) at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99282. Between 48-98 multiple-choice items are available for each chapter and cover: mastering strategy, assessing organizational performance, evaluating the external environment, evaluating the internal environment, synthesis of strategic issues and analysis, selecting business-level strategies, innovation strategies, selecting corporate-level strategies, completing in international markets, executing strategy through organizational design, and leading an ethical organization. Question items are also identified by subsection (e.g. 1.1, 1.2, etc.) of Strategic Management. PLEASE READ: INSTRUCTIONS FOR TEST BANK ACCESS Please complete steps 1-3 below. Requested files will be released via email ONLY AFTER STEPS 1-3 HAVE BEEN COMPLETED and reviewed.
The test bank is available to any instructor who has adopted Strategic Management in their course. STEP 0. (optional) View and test the sample file "Sample_format.xlsx" in the left hand column to better understand the format of the test bank. STEP 1. Click on "Strategic_Management_Test_Bank.xlsx" on the left (marked "permission required"), add a note and press submit to request access. STEP 2. Email a copy of your course syllabus to openeducation@vt.edu. STEP 3. Complete and submit the User Verification Process Form. You will receive a copy of your request via email. Requested files will be released via email only after steps 1-3 have been completed and reviewed. Note that access approvals are processed only during regular business hours. Please allow at least 2-3 full business days for processing. Development
This peer-reviewed, copyedited test bank was made possible in part by the Open Education Initiative of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech and the Cleveland State University Affordable Learning @ CSU Initiative. It was developed and reviewed by students and faculty at Virginia Tech and Cleveland State University. For further information on our process, see "About_the_Test_Bank.pdf" located on the left-hand side of this screen. Formats
Please download the SampleFormat.xls document and view the third tab for complete information on format conversion. Please note that we are unable to provide additional file types, support for converting, uploading, or assistance with reformatting files. Please contact your local learning management system (LMS) manager for additional support. Terms of use 1. Test bank questions and answers are the copyrighted property of their creators. 2. Verified users are responsible for secure handling of the test bank. While every effort is given to ensure security of test bank questions or answers and release only to verified users, no warranties are given regarding the security of the test bank. Virginia Tech and the test bank authors can authorize and require, but cannot control what you or any other verified user does. 3. Privileges and responsibilities of verified users: a) Verified users may: - reproduce, - modify, and - redistribute test bank questions and answers in the context of educational exams, quizzes, and assessments only. b) Verified users must: - take reasonable measures to prevent students from duplicating and redistributing questions and answers; c) Verified users must not: - share test bank questions and answers beyond the institution with which the verified user reported an affiliation; - give exams back to students to keep or otherwise distribute; - release the test bank or answers to students as a self study-tool; - publicly post any portions of the test bank; - allow students to retain permanent or long-term access to exam materials; - use the test bank or portions there of for revenue-generating activity. Verification process
Test bank access is limited to only those instructors who intend to use the textbook Strategic Management in their course. In order to be verified, an instructor must: - Agree to the Terms of Use - Confirm intent to adopt Strategic Management for their course - Follow the "instructions for test bank access" above. Distribution
The information in the test bank is of a proprietary nature, produced by or for faculty of public institutions of higher education as a result of collaborative study, research, and peer review. Because it is intended to be used in student assessment the information has not been publicly released or published. If you become aware of public distribution of the test bank or portions thereof shared outside of a secure electronic environment, assessment context, or other security breach please inform us at: openeducation@vt.edu. Liability
The test bank and test bank items are provided "as is." Users of this resource assume all risks and further agree to hold Virginia Tech, the Commonwealth of Virginia and their employees and agents, and project contributors harmless from any and all actions related to use of this program. Contact us
View errata
Report a test bank error or omission Acknowledgments
The project was made possible in part by funding provided by the Open Education Initiative of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Cleveland State University Affordable Learning @ CSU Initiative. Student contributors
Adrien Andenmatten, Alli McAlpine, Amiah Laurae Stables, Andrew Foley, Andrew Gross Anjali Roy,Arian Azizi, Barbie Ortega, Ben Hahne, Benjamin T Debo, Brianna Mastrolembo, Brock Smith, Bryajah Bins, Caleb Benton, Cameron Simmons, Caroline Armstrong, Case Keatley, Chloe Watts, Chris Washington, Corrie Jackson, Courtney Paige Hathaway, Craig Kelleher, Dev Patel, Doug Brown, Eric Mbualungu, Farah Gatut, Flora Grainger, Francisco Garzon, Gabe Giudice, Gurinder Singh, Haley Beale, Haley Madison Scaggs, Haley Vierrether, Hannah Palermo, Hayden Kickbush, Huda Sarma, Isabel Galante, Isabella Root, Jack Salm IV, Jacqueline Foley, Janay White, Jason Maguire, Jenny Fu, Jonathon Bungato, Jordan Chandler, Josh Snead, Kate Nayda, Kevin Grace, Kyle Edward Nester, Kylie Riekel, Lara Kornblut, Lauren Elmore, Madison Souders, Maggie Swain, Martha Anne Hotinger, Matt Kaufman, Matthew Digman, Matthew Theis, Meg Xavier, Melissa Ann Poletti, Michael Velle, Molly Carpenter, Morgan Chandler Norwood, Natalie Anne Barnette, Natalie Schuhmacher, Natalina Koludrovic, Natasha Bhag Singh, Nicholas George Gariepy, Nick Mercuro, Nidhi Mandadi, Olivia Passa, Patrick Brinker, Patty Vitsupakorn, Paul Plawin, Peyton Kim, Reethika Reddy, Sahar Sarbakhshian, Sarah Christen, Savannah Meredith, Sean Lobred, Seth Carter, Sirio Sanna, Stori Raven Hull, Taylor Curran, Ting-Chun Lin, Tom Crow, Tracey Ghandour, Trent Thomas, Victor Maxence Andenmatten, Vishnu Patel, Will Booth, Zach Thurneysen, Zachary Davis, Zachary Kang, Zack Bogorad, Zack Clark, Zehra Rafique, and anonymous student contributors. Virginia Tech students, Ashley Gaines, Shazeen Quadri, and Lucy Wu reviewed and amended, and created additional items. Faculty subject matter expert Eli Jamison at Virginia Tech led student item-creation, student permissions process, oversight of paid students, and provided subject matter expert review and rewrites; Candice Vander Weerdt at Cleveland State University provided additional subject matter expert review. Besa Bunjaku constructed the item bank and coordinated programming of the xls document. Anita Walz of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech coordinated the overall project, led team meetings, drafted terms of use and contributor/reviewer agreements, coordinated professional copyediting, and arranged hosting for the test bank.

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