Enterobacter cloacae inhibits human norovirus infectivity in gnotobiotic pigs

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dc.contributor.authorLei, Shaohuaen
dc.contributor.authorSamuel, Helenen
dc.contributor.authorTwitchell, Ericaen
dc.contributor.authorBui, Tammyen
dc.contributor.authorRamesh, Ashwinen
dc.contributor.authorWen, Keen
dc.contributor.authorWeiss, Mariahen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Guohuaen
dc.contributor.authorYang, Xingdongen
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Xien
dc.contributor.authorYuan, Lijuanen
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-22T15:38:36Zen
dc.date.available2017-02-22T15:38:36Zen
dc.date.issued2016-04-26en
dc.description.abstractHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Study of HuNoV biology has been hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system. Recently, enteric commensal bacteria Enterobacter cloacae has been recognized as a helper in HuNoV infection of B cells in vitro. To test the influences of E. cloacae on HuNoV infectivity and to determine whether HuNoV infects B cells in vivo, we colonized gnotobiotic pigs with E. cloacae and inoculated pigs with 2.74 × 10(4) genome copies of HuNoV. Compared to control pigs, reduced HuNoV shedding was observed in E. cloacae colonized pigs, characterized by significantly shorter duration of shedding in post-inoculation day 10 subgroup and lower cumulative shedding and peak shedding in individual pigs. Colonization of E. cloacae also reduced HuNoV titers in intestinal tissues and in blood. In both control and E. cloacae colonized pigs, HuNoV infection of enterocytes was confirmed, however infection of B cells was not observed in ileum, and the entire lamina propria in sections of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were HuNoV-negative. In summary, E. cloacae inhibited HuNoV infectivity, and B cells were not a target cell type for HuNoV in gnotobiotic pigs, with or without E. cloacae colonization.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent25017 - ? page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep25017en
dc.identifier.eissn2045-2322en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/75125en
dc.identifier.volume6en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.relation.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27113278en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleEnterobacter cloacae inhibits human norovirus infectivity in gnotobiotic pigsen
dc.title.serialScientific Reportsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Faculty of Health Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicineen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/CVM T&R Facultyen

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