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Impact of environmental complexity and stocking density on affective states of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Mallory G.en
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, Andrew M.en
dc.contributor.authorKuhn, David D.en
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Stephen A.en
dc.contributor.authorJacobs, Leonieen
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-03T15:58:40Zen
dc.date.available2023-02-03T15:58:40Zen
dc.date.issued2022-04-16en
dc.date.updated2023-02-03T14:41:43Zen
dc.description.abstractEnvironmental condition, such as environmental complexity or stocking density, can directly or indirectly influence animal emotion and ultimately, affective state. Affective states of animals can be assessed through judgement bias tests, evaluating responses to ambiguous situations. In this study, we aimed to determine whether environmental complexity and stocking density impacted rainbow trout affective state. Rainbow trout (n = 108) were housed in recirculating aquaculture systems under commercial conditions while trained at tank-level to discriminate between a positively reinforced chamber (feed) in one location and a negative chamber (positive punishment; chase by net for 1 s) in the opposing location. Fish from successful tanks (two out of five tanks) were then housed in treatment tanks of either high- or low- environmental complexity at either high (165 fish/m3) or low (69 fish/m3) stocking density. Trained fish were tested for latencies to approach three intermediate, ambiguous chambers. Fish housed in high-density tanks were faster to enter all chambers than those housed in low-density tanks (8.5 s vs. 15.2 s; P = 0.001), with faster entries into the positive (7.4 s vs. 15.2 s; P = 0.02) and near-negative chambers (10.2 s vs. 17.4 s; P = 0.006), suggesting that these fish were more optimistic to receive a feed reward. Tank complexity did not affect test outcomes. No differences between treatments were observed between body weight, length, and plasma cortisol. Overall, rainbow trout are capable of discriminating between cues during a judgement bias test and fish housed in high-density environments respond more optimistically in ambiguous situations compared to fish in low-density environments.en
dc.description.versionAccepted versionen
dc.format.extent13 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01616-6en
dc.identifier.eissn1435-9456en
dc.identifier.issn1435-9448en
dc.identifier.issue5en
dc.identifier.orcidKuhn, David [0000-0003-3368-0375]en
dc.identifier.orcidSmith, Stephen [0000-0003-4104-1899]en
dc.identifier.orcidJacobs, Leonie [0000-0002-3799-5078]en
dc.identifier.other10.1007/s10071-022-01616-6 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid35430682en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113656en
dc.identifier.volume25en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSpringeren
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000782865800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectAnimal welfareen
dc.subjectRainbow trouten
dc.subjectEnvironmental complexityen
dc.subjectEnrichmenten
dc.subjectStocking densityen
dc.subjectAffective stateen
dc.subjectSALMO-TRUTTA-Len
dc.subjectATLANTIC SALMONen
dc.subjectREARING DENSITYen
dc.subjectBROWN TROUTen
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL COMPLEXITYen
dc.subjectSTRESS RESPONSESen
dc.subjectCORTISOL-LEVELSen
dc.subjectANIMAL EMOTIONen
dc.subjectCOGNITIVE BIASen
dc.subjectOVERHEAD COVERen
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen
dc.subject.meshOncorhynchus mykissen
dc.subject.meshEmotionsen
dc.subject.meshAquacultureen
dc.titleImpact of environmental complexity and stocking density on affective states of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)en
dc.title.serialAnimal Cognitionen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherEarly Accessen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2022-03-15en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/School of Animal Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Food Science and Technologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicineen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/CVM T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen

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