Conditions Necessary for the Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Litter
| dc.contributor.author | Oxendine, Aaron | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Walsh, Allison A. | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Young, Tamesha | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Dixon, Brandan | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Hoke, Alexa | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Rogers, Eda Erdogan | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Lee, Margie D. | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Maurer, John J. | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-06-27T17:26:13Z | en |
| dc.date.available | 2023-06-27T17:26:13Z | en |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-06-03 | en |
| dc.date.updated | 2023-06-27T13:21:59Z | en |
| dc.description.abstract | Animal manures contain a large and diverse reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that could potentially spillover into the general population through transfer of AMR to antibiotic-susceptible pathogens. The ability of poultry litter microbiota to transmit AMR was examined in this study. Abundance of phenotypic AMR was assessed for litter microbiota to the antibiotics: ampicillin (Ap; 25 μg/mL), chloramphenicol (Cm; 25 μg/mL), streptomycin (Sm; 100 μg/mL), and tetracycline (Tc; 25 μg/mL). qPCR was used to estimate gene load of streptomycin-resistance and sulfonamide-resistance genes <i>aadA1</i> and <i>sul1</i>, respectively, in the poultry litter community. AMR gene load was determined relative to total bacterial abundance using 16S rRNA qPCR. Poultry litter contained 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/g, with Gram-negative enterics representing a minor population (<10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g). There was high abundance of resistance to Sm (10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g) and Tc (10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g) and a sizeable antimicrobial-resistance gene load in regards to gene copies per bacterial genome (<i>aadA1</i>: 0.0001–0.0060 and <i>sul1</i>: 0.0355–0.2455). While plasmid transfer was observed from <i>Escherichia coli</i> R100, as an F-plasmid donor control, to the <i>Salmonella</i> recipient in vitro, no AMR <i>Salmonella</i> were detected in a poultry litter microcosm with the inclusion of <i>E. coli</i> R100. Confirmatory experiments showed that isolated poultry litter bacteria were not interfering with plasmid transfer in filter matings. As no R100 transfer was observed at 25 °C, conjugative plasmid pRSA was chosen for its high plasmid transfer frequency (10<sup>−4</sup> to 10<sup>−5</sup>) at 25 °C. While <i>E. coli</i> strain background influenced the persistence of pRSA in poultry litter, no plasmid transfer to <i>Salmonella</i> was ever observed. Although poultry litter microbiota contains a significant AMR gene load, potential to transmit resistance is low under conditions commonly used to assess plasmid conjugation. | en |
| dc.description.version | Published version | en |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en |
| dc.identifier.citation | Oxendine, A.; Walsh, A.A.; Young, T.; Dixon, B.; Hoke, A.; Rogers, E.E.; Lee, M.D.; Maurer, J.J. Conditions Necessary for the Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Litter. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1006. | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061006 | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115529 | en |
| dc.language.iso | en | en |
| dc.publisher | MDPI | en |
| dc.rights | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en |
| dc.subject | plasmids | en |
| dc.subject | litter | en |
| dc.subject | conjugation | en |
| dc.subject | Salmonella | en |
| dc.title | Conditions Necessary for the Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Litter | en |
| dc.title.serial | Antibiotics | en |
| dc.type | Article - Refereed | en |
| dc.type.dcmitype | Text | en |