Quantification of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in swine liver and reproductive tissues using GC-MS

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dc.contributor.authorPack, Ericaen
dc.contributor.authorStewart, Jacoben
dc.contributor.authorRhoads, Michelleen
dc.contributor.authorKnight, James W.en
dc.contributor.authorDe Vita, Raffaellaen
dc.contributor.authorClark-Deener, Sherrieen
dc.contributor.authorSchmale, David G. IIIen
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.contributor.departmentAnimal and Poultry Sciencesen
dc.contributor.departmentBiomedical Engineering and Mechanicsen
dc.contributor.departmentLarge Animal Clinical Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-13T20:28:21Zen
dc.date.available2021-05-13T20:28:21Zen
dc.date.issued2020-12-01en
dc.date.updated2021-05-13T20:28:17Zen
dc.description.abstractThe mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant of swine feed which has been related to a wide range of reproductive anomalies in swine, such as pelvic organ prolapse, anestrous, and pseudopregnancy. New information is needed to understand how ZEN and related metabolites accumulate in swine reproductive tissues. We conducted a feeding study to track ZEN and the metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) in swine liver and reproductive tissues. Thirty pubertal gilts were randomly assigned one of three treatments, with ten pigs in each treatment group: (1) base feed with solvent for 21 days, (2) ZEN-spiked feed for seven days followed by base feed with solvent for 14 days, and (3) ZEN-spiked feed for 21 days. At the end of the trial, liver, anterior vagina, posterior vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and broad ligament were collected from pigs. ZEN was found in the anterior vagina, posterior vagina, cervix, and ovaries, with significantly higher concentrations in the cervix relative to other reproductive tissues. ZEN and α-ZEL were found in liver tissue from pigs in each treatment group. Our results show that ZEN accumulates more in the cervix than other reproductive tissues. The presence of ZEN in reproductive tissues may be indicative of ZEN-related reproductive symptoms. Future work could examine how ZEN concentrations vary in reproductive tissues as a factor of the pigs age, weight, sex, or parity, to establish parameters that make pig more sensitive to ZEN.en
dc.description.versionPublished (Publication status)en
dc.format.extentPages 100058en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier100058 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100058en
dc.identifier.eissn2590-1710en
dc.identifier.issn2590-1710en
dc.identifier.orcidSchmale, David [0000-0002-7003-7429]en
dc.identifier.orcidRhoads, Michelle [0000-0003-4652-6430]en
dc.identifier.orcidClark-Deener, Sherrie [0000-0002-6620-0625]en
dc.identifier.orcidKnight, James [0000-0002-1707-0203]en
dc.identifier.otherPMC7566953 (pmc)en
dc.identifier.otherS2590-1710(20)30036-9 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid33089147 (pubmed)en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/103268en
dc.identifier.volume8en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectCo-productsen
dc.subjectFusariumen
dc.subjectGC-MSen
dc.subjectLiveren
dc.subjectMycotoxinen
dc.subjectProlapseen
dc.subjectReproductive tissueen
dc.subjectSwineen
dc.subjectZearalenoneen
dc.subjectα-ZELen
dc.titleQuantification of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in swine liver and reproductive tissues using GC-MSen
dc.title.serialToxicon: Xen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherJournal Articleen
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-09-07en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/Biomedical Engineering and Mechanicsen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/COE T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciences/Durelle Scotten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/School of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Animal and Poultry Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicineen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/Large Animal Clinical Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/CVM T&R Facultyen

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