Estimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossings

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dc.contributor.authorNolan, Lindsayen
dc.contributor.authorAust, W. Michaelen
dc.contributor.authorBarrett, Scott M.en
dc.contributor.authorBolding, M. Chaden
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Kristopheren
dc.contributor.authorMcGuire, Kevin J.en
dc.contributor.departmentForest Resources and Environmental Conservationen
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-20T18:24:14Zen
dc.date.available2017-09-20T18:24:14Zen
dc.date.issued2015-12-08en
dc.date.updated2017-09-20T18:24:14Zen
dc.description.abstractForestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used for protection of water quality at forest stream crossings, yet effects and costs for gradients of BMPs are not well documented. We evaluated forty-two truck road and skid trail stream crossings using three surrogates of BMP adequacy: (1) potential erosion rates for stream crossing approaches; (2) adequacy of stream crossing BMPs; and (3) overall BMP rating (BMP−, BMP-standard, and BMP+). Subsequently, BMP upgrades were recommended for enhancing BMP− or BMP-standard stream crossings. Costs for BMP upgrades were estimated using an existing road and skid trail cost method. The majority of truck road stream crossings were culverts, while skid trail stream crossings were primarily portable bridges. Potential erosion estimates, BMP audit scores, and BMP ratings all indicated that skid crossings have lower BMP implementation than truck road crossings. BMP improvements commonly identified for skid trail and truck crossings included addition of cover and water control structures. Improved BMPs at skid trail crossings were less expensive than those at truck road crossings. Current BMP guidelines provide economical and effective techniques for reducing erosion, and BMP upgrades have the potential to reduce erosion rates to similar levels found in undisturbed forests.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationNolan, L.; Aust, W.M.; Barrett, S.M.; Bolding, M.C.; Brown, K.; McGuire, K. Estimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossings. Water 2015, 7, 6946-6966.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/w7126668en
dc.identifier.issue12en
dc.identifier.orcidMcGuire, Kevin J. [0000-0001-5751-3956]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/79260en
dc.identifier.volume7en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectforest roadsen
dc.subjectskid trailsen
dc.subjecterosionen
dc.subjectbest management practicesen
dc.subjectstream crossingsen
dc.subjectBMP costsen
dc.titleEstimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossingsen
dc.title.serialWateren
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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Journal Articles, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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