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The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection

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dc.contributor.authorKravitz, Amandaen
dc.contributor.authorPelzer, Kevinen
dc.contributor.authorSriranganathan, Nammalwaren
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-16T20:44:45Zen
dc.date.available2022-06-16T20:44:45Zen
dc.date.issued2021-08-13en
dc.description.abstractParatuberculosis, or Johne’s Disease (JD) is a debilitating chronic enteritis mainly affecting ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This organism causes worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry, and is of public health importance due to the potential zoonotic risk between MAP and Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans. Without economical treatments, or a vaccine capable of preventing infection without causing cross-reactions with bovine tuberculosis, test-and-cullmethods for disease control are imperative. Unfortunately, difficulties in diagnostics and long subclinical stage hinder adequate control and is further complicated by variation in MAP exposure outcome. Interestingly, the majority of infections result in asymptomatic presentation and never progress to clinical disease. One contributing factor is host genetics, where polymorphisms in innate immune genes have been found to influence resistance and susceptibility to disease. Candidate genes identified across studies overlap with those found in CD and tuberculosis including; Solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene (SLC11A1), Nucleotide-binding-oligomerization domain containing gene 2 (NOD2), Major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC-II), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. This review will highlight evidence supporting the vital role of these genes in MAP infection outcome, associated challenges, and implications for the future of JD research.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank the Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology and the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine for funding and support.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent17 pagesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationKravitz A, Pelzer K and Sriranganathan N (2021) The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection. Front. Vet. Sci. 8:721706. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721706en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.721706en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/110809en
dc.identifier.volume8en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectJohne’s diseaseen
dc.subjectsingle nucleotide polymorphismsen
dc.subjectMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisen
dc.subjectinnate immunityen
dc.subjecthost resistance and susceptibilityen
dc.subjectgenome-wide association studyen
dc.subjectlivestocken
dc.titleThe Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infectionen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Veterinary Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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