Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at low salinities

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dc.contributor.authorSchuler, Dominicen
dc.contributor.committeechairBoardman, Gregory D.en
dc.contributor.committeememberDietrich, Andrea M.en
dc.contributor.committeememberSmith, Stephen A.en
dc.contributor.departmentEnvironmental Sciences and Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:35:54Zen
dc.date.adate2008-06-11en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:35:54Zen
dc.date.issued2008-04-30en
dc.date.rdate2010-12-22en
dc.date.sdate2008-05-09en
dc.description.abstractThe Pacific white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is a potential species for low salinity inland aquaculture. Due to several independent variables, such as species, age, size, salinity and pH, that must be taken into account, there are gaps in the literature pertaining to the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to shrimp. This study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined effects of ammonia and nitrite on L. vannamei postlarvae (25-45 days old) at 10 ppt salinity, 28 C and a pH of 7.8. The independent variables were salinity, total ammonia as nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite-N (NO₂-N), separately and combined. The TAN experiments were conducted at 18 and 10 ppt salinity while the NO₂-N test was conducted at 10 ppt salinity. Combined TAN and NO2 tests were also conducted at 10 ppt salinity. The LC50 values for TAN at 18 ppt salinity, TAN at 10 ppt salinity, and NO2-N at 10 ppt were observed to be 42.92, 39.72 mg/L (2.26 and 2.09 mg/L unionized ammonia-N), and 153.75 mg/L, respectively. When NO₂- N was adjusted to the LOEC level and TAN concentrations were varied, synergistic effects were observed, with an LC50 calculated to be 28.2 mg/L TAN (1.49 mg/L unionized ammonia-N). However, when the ammonia level was adjusted to the LOEC and nitrite was varied, antagonistic effects were observed with an LC50 calculated to be 163.3 mg/L NO₂-N. The results suggest that further investigations into the combined effects of ammonia and nitrite at varying concentrations and lower salinities will be important in developing "standard operating procedures" for the shrimp industry.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.identifier.otheretd-05092008-231815en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092008-231815/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/32453en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartCombine.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartcombinedrevised.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartSchulerThesis.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectnitriteen
dc.subjectammonia toxicityen
dc.subjectLitopenaeus vannameien
dc.subjectPacific White Shrimpen
dc.titleAcute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at low salinitiesen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineEnvironmental Sciences and Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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