Molecular characterization and evolution of a gene family encoding male-specific reproductive proteins in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

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dc.contributor.authorMancini, Emilianoen
dc.contributor.authorBaldini, Frecescoen
dc.contributor.authorTammaro, Federicaen
dc.contributor.authorCalzetta, Mariaen
dc.contributor.authorSerrao, Aurelloen
dc.contributor.authorGeorge, Philipen
dc.contributor.authorMorlais, Isabelleen
dc.contributor.authorMasiga, Danielen
dc.contributor.authorSharakhov, Igor V.en
dc.contributor.authorRogers, David W.en
dc.contributor.authorCatteruccia, F;a,omoaen
dc.contributor.authordella Torre, Alessandraen
dc.contributor.authorSharakhov, Igor V.en
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-05T22:17:15Zen
dc.date.available2017-01-05T22:17:15Zen
dc.date.issued2011-10-06en
dc.description.abstractBackground: During copulation, the major Afro-tropical malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. transfers male accessory gland (MAG) proteins to females as a solid mass (i.e. the “mating plug”). These proteins are postulated to function as important modulators of female post-mating responses. To understand the role of selective forces underlying the evolution of these proteins in the A. gambiae complex, we carried out an evolutionary analysis of gene sequence and expression divergence on a pair of paralog genes called AgAcp34A-1 and AgAcp34A-2. These encode MAG-specific proteins which, based on homology with Drosophila, have been hypothesized to play a role in sperm viability and function. Results: Genetic analysis of 6 species of the A. gambiae complex revealed the existence of a third paralog (68-78% of identity), that we named AgAcp34A-3. FISH assays showed that this gene maps in the same division (34A) of chromosome-3R as the other two paralogs. In particular, immuno-fluorescence assays targeting the C-terminals of AgAcp34A-2 and AgAcp34A-3 revealed that these two proteins are localized in the posterior part of the MAG and concentrated at the apical portion of the mating plug. When transferred to females, this part of the plug lies in proximity to the duct connecting the spermatheca to the uterus, suggesting a potential role for these proteins in regulating sperm motility. AgAcp34A-3 is more polymorphic than the other two paralogs, possibly because of relaxation of purifying selection. Since both unequal crossing-over and gene conversion likely homogenized the members of this gene family, the interpretation of the evolutionary patterns is not straightforward. Although several haplotypes of the three paralogs are shared by most A. gambiae s.l. species, some fixed species-specific replacements (mainly placed in the N- and C-terminal portions of the secreted peptides) were also observed, suggesting some lineage-specific adaptation. Conclusions: Progress in understanding the signaling cascade in the A. gambiae reproductive pathway will elucidate the interaction of this MAG-specific protein family with their female counterparts. This knowledge will allow a better evaluation of the relative importance of genes involved in the reproductive isolation and fertility of A. gambiae species and could help the interpretation of the observed evolutionary patterns.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent? - ? (17) page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-292en
dc.identifier.issn1471-2148en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/73964en
dc.identifier.volume11en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherBiomed Centralen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000296156500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectEvolutionary Biologyen
dc.subjectGenetics & Heredityen
dc.subjectACCESSORY-GLAND PROTEINSen
dc.subjectDROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTERen
dc.subjectPOPULATION-GENETICSen
dc.subjectCONSECUTIVE MATINGSen
dc.subjectADAPTIVE EVOLUTIONen
dc.subjectDNA POLYMORPHISMen
dc.subjectRAPID EVOLUTIONen
dc.subjectCOMPLEXen
dc.subjectGENOMEen
dc.subjectARABIENSISen
dc.titleMolecular characterization and evolution of a gene family encoding male-specific reproductive proteins in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiaeen
dc.title.serialBMC Evolutionary Biologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Entomologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Faculty of Health Sciencesen

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