Increased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogaster

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dc.contributor.authorGeorge, Phillipen
dc.contributor.authorJensen, Silkeen
dc.contributor.authorPogorelcnik, Romainen
dc.contributor.authorLee, Jiyoungen
dc.contributor.authorXing, Yien
dc.contributor.authorBrasset, Emilieen
dc.contributor.authorVaury, Chantalen
dc.contributor.authorSharakhov, Igor V.en
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-04T23:18:40Zen
dc.date.available2017-01-04T23:18:40Zen
dc.date.issued2015-11-27en
dc.description.abstractBackground Specific genomic loci, termed Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters, manufacture piRNAs that serve as guides for the inactivation of complementary transposable elements (TEs). The piRNA pathway has been accurately detailed in Drosophila melanogaster, while it remains poorly examined in other insects. This pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for germline development and reproduction. Understanding of the piRNA functions in mosquitoes could offer an opportunity for disease vector control by the reduction of their reproductive potential. Results To analyze the similarities and differences in this pathway between Drosophila and mosquito, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic loci producing piRNAs and their targets in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. We identified 187 piRNA clusters in the An. gambiae genome and 155 piRNA clusters in the D. melanogaster genome. We demonstrate that many more piRNA clusters in the mosquito compared with the fruit fly are uni-directionally transcribed and are located outside pericentromeric heterochromatin. About 11 % of the An. gambiae piRNA population map to gene transcripts. This is a noticeable increase compared with the ~6 % of the piRNA population mapped to genes in D. melanogaster. A subset of the piRNA-enriched genes in An. gambiae has functions related to reproduction and development. At least 24 and 65 % of the mapped piRNAs correspond to genomic TE sequences in An. gambiae and D. melanogaster, respectively. DNA transposons and non-LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in An. gambiae, while LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in D. melanogaster. Yet, piRNAs predominantly target LTR retrotransposons in both species, which may point to a distinct feature of these elements compared to the other classes of TEs concerning their silencing by the piRNA pathway. Conclusions Here, we demonstrate that piRNA-producing loci have more ubiquitous distribution in the An. gambiae genome than in the genome of D. melanogaster. Also, protein-coding genes have an increased role in production of piRNAs in the germline of this mosquito. Genes involved in germline and embryonic development of An. gambiae generate a substantial portion of piRNAs, suggesting a role of the piRNA pathway in the epigenetic regulation of the reproductive processes in the African malaria vector.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent? - ? (20) page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13072-015-0041-5en
dc.identifier.issn1756-8935en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/73947en
dc.identifier.volume8en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherBiomed Centralen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000365564500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectGenetics & Heredityen
dc.subjectAnopheles gambiaeen
dc.subjectDevelopmenten
dc.subjectDrosophila melanogasteren
dc.subjectEuchromatinen
dc.subjectGermlineen
dc.subjectHeterochromatinen
dc.subjectpiRNA clustersen
dc.subjectReproductionen
dc.subjectSmall RNAsen
dc.subjectTransposable elementen
dc.subjectGERMLINE STEM-CELLSen
dc.subjectOSKAR MESSENGER-RNAen
dc.subjectAEDES-AEGYPTIen
dc.subjectHETEROCHROMATIN FORMATIONen
dc.subjectTRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTSen
dc.subjectTRAFFIC-JAMen
dc.subjectBOMBYX-MORIen
dc.subjectGENOMEen
dc.subjectPIWIen
dc.subjectVECTORen
dc.titleIncreased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogasteren
dc.title.serialEpigenetics & Chromatinen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Entomologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Faculty of Health Sciencesen

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